The Violet Fairy Book, The Prince Who Wanted to See the World, sentence 65
‘Have you seen a young man and a girl go by?’ said the king, and the gardener shook his head and replied that no one had passed that way since he had been working there.
Who acts: you, young man, gardener, one · What happens: see, go by, say, shake, reply, pass · To what, where: young man, king, head, way · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Prince Who Wanted to See the World. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, young man, gardener, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 seen | punct |
| 2 | Have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 seen | aux |
| 3 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 4 seen | nsubj |
| 4 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 said | ccomp |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 man | det |
| 6 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 man | amod |
| 7 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 seen | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 girl | cc |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 girl | det |
| 10 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 man | conj |
| 11 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 man | acl:relcl |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 go | obl |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 seen | punct |
| 14 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 seen | punct |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 king | det |
| 17 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 said | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 shook | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 shook | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 gardener | det |
| 21 | gardener | gardener | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 shook | nsubj |
| 22 | shook | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 said | conj |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 head | nmod:poss |
| 24 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 shook | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 replied | cc |
| 26 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 shook | conj |
| 27 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 passed | mark |
| 28 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 29 one | det |
| 29 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 passed | nsubj |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 passed | aux |
| 31 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 26 replied | ccomp |
| 32 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 33 way | det |
| 33 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 passed | obl:unmarked |
| 34 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 38 working | mark |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 working | nsubj |
| 36 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 working | aux |
| 37 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 38 working | aux |
| 38 | working | work | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 passed | advcl |
| 39 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 working | advmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present · perfect | you | a young man and a girl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | go by | infinitive | a young man and a girl not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the king | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | shake | past | the gardener | gardener's head | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient | ||||
| 5 | reply speech: assert | past | the gardener not said here | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | pass | past · perfect | no one | that way | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | work | past · perfect · progressive | gardener | there | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/42/65/