The Violet Fairy Book, The Nine Pea-hens and the Golden Apples, sentence 155
And when they saw him coming they were frightened, and urged the prince’s horse faster and faster, till he said, ‘Fear nothing; no harm can happen to us,’ and their hearts grew calm, for they trusted his wisdom.
Who acts: horses, dragon, harm, hearts · What happens: see, come, frighten, urge, say, happen · To what, where: dragon, horses, horse, nothing, us, wisdom · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Nine Pea-hens and the Golden Apples. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horses, dragon, harm, hearts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 saw | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 saw | advmod |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | obj |
| 6 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 saw | xcomp |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 frightened | aux:pass |
| 9 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 coming | acl:relcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 urged | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 urged | cc |
| 12 | urged | urge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 prince | det |
| 14 | prince | prince | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 horse | nmod:poss |
| 15 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 14 prince | case |
| 16 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 urged | obj |
| 17 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 urged | xcomp |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 faster | cc |
| 19 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 faster | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 said | punct |
| 21 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 23 said | mark |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 said | nsubj |
| 23 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 urged | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 nothing | punct |
| 25 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 27 nothing | punct |
| 26 | Fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 nothing | compound |
| 27 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 23 said | obj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 happen | punct |
| 29 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 30 harm | det |
| 30 | harm | harm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 happen | nsubj |
| 31 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 happen | aux |
| 32 | happen | happen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 saw | ccomp |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 us | case |
| 34 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 happen | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 happen | punct |
| 36 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 32 happen | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 grew | cc |
| 38 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 hearts | nmod:poss |
| 39 | hearts | heart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 grew | nsubj |
| 40 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 saw | conj |
| 41 | calm | calm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 grew | xcomp |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 trusted | punct |
| 43 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 45 trusted | mark |
| 44 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 trusted | nsubj |
| 45 | trusted | trust | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 grew | conj |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 wisdom | nmod:poss |
| 47 | wisdom | wisdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 trusted | obj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | horses = horse | dragon | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | come | gerund | dragon not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | frighten | past · passive | horses = horse | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | urge | past | horses = horse not said here | the prince's horse | fast property | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient | |||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | dragon | nothing | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic | ||||
| 6 | happen | can | no harm | us | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | grow | past | horses's hearts | calm property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | trust | past | horses = horse | dragon's wisdom | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wisdom=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Violet Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg641/7/155/