The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 1, sentence 113
The Emperor’s palace and garden were so magnificent that many travelers from foreign countries wrote books describing their beauty; but every scholar who wrote said that the finest thing of all was the singing of this Nightingale.
Who acts: palace, many travelers, books, scholar, finest thing · What happens: be, write, describe, say · To what, where: books, beauty, singing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (palace, many travelers, books, scholar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Emperor | det |
| 2 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 palace | nmod:poss |
| 3 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 2 Emperor | case |
| 4 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 magnificent | nsubj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 garden | cc |
| 6 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 palace | conj |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 magnificent | cop |
| 8 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 magnificent | advmod |
| 9 | magnificent | magnificent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 wrote | mark |
| 11 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 travelers | amod |
| 12 | travelers | traveler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 wrote | nsubj |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 countries | case |
| 14 | foreign | foreign | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 countries | amod |
| 15 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 travelers | nmod |
| 16 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 magnificent | advcl |
| 17 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 wrote | obj |
| 18 | describing | describe | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 books | acl |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 beauty | nmod:poss |
| 20 | beauty | beauty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 describing | obj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 said | punct |
| 22 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 27 said | cc |
| 23 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 scholar | det |
| 24 | scholar | scholar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 said | nsubj |
| 25 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 wrote | nsubj |
| 26 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 scholar | acl:relcl |
| 27 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 magnificent | conj |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 singing | mark |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 thing | det |
| 30 | finest | fine | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 31 thing | amod |
| 31 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 singing | nsubj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 all | case |
| 33 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 31 thing | nmod |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 singing | cop |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 singing | det |
| 36 | singing | singing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 said | ccomp |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 Nightingale | case |
| 38 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 39 Nightingale | det |
| 39 | Nightingale | Nightingale | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 singing | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 magnificent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the Emperor's palace and garden | magnificent property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | write | past | many travelers from foreign countries | books | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme | ||||
| 3 | describe | gerund | books not said here | travelers's beauty | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent beauty=Theme | ||||
| 4 | write | past | every scholar | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | every scholar | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is a | past | the finest thing of all | the singing | of this Nightingale | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/1/113/