The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 1, sentence 122
Then he returned to the Emperor and said it must be an invention of those who had written the books.
Who acts: Lord, mention · What happens: return, say, be, write · To what, where: invention, books · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord, mention), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 returned | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 returned | nsubj |
| 3 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Emperor | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Emperor | det |
| 6 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 returned | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 said | cc |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 returned | conj |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 invention | nsubj |
| 10 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 invention | aux |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 invention | cop |
| 12 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 invention | det |
| 13 | invention | invention | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 said | ccomp |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 those | case |
| 15 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 invention | nmod |
| 16 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 written | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 written | aux |
| 18 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 those | acl:relcl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 books | det |
| 20 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 written | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 returned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past | Lord | then | to the Emperor result | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to emperor=Result | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Lord not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a | must | mention | a invention | of those | tree rules | |||
| 4 | write | past · perfect · passive | the books | who nsubj:pass | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient book=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/1/122/