The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 1, sentence 137
“Why,” said the little kitchen maid, “those are frogs croaking, but very soon we shall hear her.”
Who acts: little kitchen maid, frogs, we · What happens: say, be, croak, hear · To what, where: frogs, maid · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little kitchen maid, frogs, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 2 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 said | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Why | punct |
| 4 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Why | punct |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 maid | det |
| 7 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 maid | amod |
| 8 | kitchen | kitchen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 maid | compound |
| 9 | maid | maid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 croaking | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 croaking | punct |
| 12 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 14 frogs | det |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 frogs | cop |
| 14 | frogs | frog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 croaking | nsubj |
| 15 | croaking | croak | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 said | advcl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 hear | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 hear | cc |
| 18 | very | very | ADV | _ | 19 soon | advmod |
| 19 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 22 hear | advmod |
| 20 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 hear | nsubj |
| 21 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 hear | aux |
| 22 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 croaking | conj |
| 23 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 hear | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 hear | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 croaking | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the little kitchen maid | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | that frogs | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | croak in a quote | gerund | that frogs | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | hear in a quote | shall | we | maid | soon property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/1/137/