The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 11, sentence 45
“If one may believe you,” replied Prince Ahmed, “the virtues of this apple are wonderful, and it is indeed invaluable; but how am I to know that there is no error in the high praises you bestow on it?”
Who acts: one, Prince Ahmed, virtues, apple, error, you · What happens: believe, reply, be, know, bestow · To what, where: you, high praises, apple · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, Prince Ahmed, virtues, apple), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 replied | punct |
| 2 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 5 believe | mark |
| 3 | one | one | PRON | Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 believe | nsubj |
| 4 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 believe | aux |
| 5 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 replied | advcl |
| 6 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 5 believe | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 believe | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 believe | punct |
| 9 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Ahmed | compound |
| 11 | Ahmed | Ahmed | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 replied | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 wonderful | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 wonderful | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 virtues | det |
| 15 | virtues | virtue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 wonderful | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 apple | case |
| 17 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 apple | det |
| 18 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 virtues | nmod |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 wonderful | cop |
| 20 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 replied | parataxis |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 invaluable | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 invaluable | cc |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 invaluable | nsubj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 invaluable | cop |
| 25 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 26 invaluable | advmod |
| 26 | invaluable | invaluable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 wonderful | conj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 know | punct |
| 28 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 33 know | cc |
| 29 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 33 know | advmod |
| 30 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 know | aux |
| 31 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 33 know | nsubj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 know | mark |
| 33 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 replied | parataxis |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 is | mark |
| 35 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 36 is | expl |
| 36 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 know | ccomp |
| 37 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 38 error | det |
| 38 | error | error | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 is | nsubj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 praises | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 praises | det |
| 41 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 praises | amod |
| 42 | praises | praise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 error | nmod |
| 43 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 44 bestow | nsubj |
| 44 | bestow | bestow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 praises | acl:relcl |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 46 it | case |
| 46 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 bestow | obl |
| 47 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 33 know | punct |
| 48 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 replied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | may | one | you | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | reply speech: ask | past | Prince Ahmed | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | the virtues of this apple | wonderful property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is in a quote | present | apple | indeed, invaluable property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | know in a quote | present | Prince Ahmed = ahmed | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | be in a quote | present | no error in the high praises | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | bestow in a quote | present | you | the high praises not said here | apple | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/11/45/