The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 11, sentence 73
When Prince Ahmed had taken the tube out of Ali’s hands, and saw that the Princess Nouronnihar’s end was so near, he addressed himself to his two companions, and said, “Brothers, the Princess Nouronnihar, whom we all equally loved, is indeed just at death’s door; but provided we make haste and lose no time, we may preserve her life.
Who acts: end, Ahmed, we, door · What happens: take, see, be, address, say, love · To what, where: Prince Ahmed, hands, Ahmed, Brothers, door, haste · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (end, Ahmed, we, door), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 5 taken | mark |
| 2 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Ahmed | compound |
| 3 | Ahmed | Ahmed | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 taken | aux |
| 5 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 56 door | advcl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tube | det |
| 7 | tube | tube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 taken | obj |
| 8 | out | out | ADP | _ | 12 hands | case |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 hands | case |
| 10 | Ali | Ali | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 hands | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 10 Ali | case |
| 12 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 taken | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 saw | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 saw | cc |
| 15 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 taken | parataxis |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 near | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Nouronnihar | det |
| 18 | Princess | Princess | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Nouronnihar | compound |
| 19 | Nouronnihar | Nouronnihar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 end | nmod:poss |
| 20 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 19 Nouronnihar | case |
| 21 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 near | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 near | cop |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 near | advmod |
| 24 | near | near | ADV | _ | 15 saw | ccomp |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 addressed | punct |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 addressed | nsubj |
| 27 | addressed | address | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 saw | conj |
| 28 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 27 addressed | obj |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 companions | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 companions | nmod:poss |
| 31 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 companions | nummod |
| 32 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 addressed | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 said | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 said | cc |
| 35 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 saw | conj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 Brothers | punct |
| 37 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 Brothers | punct |
| 38 | Brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 said | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 Princess | punct |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Princess | det |
| 41 | Princess | Princess | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Brothers | conj |
| 42 | Nouronnihar | Nouronnihar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Princess | flat |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 loved | punct |
| 44 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 48 loved | obj |
| 45 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 48 loved | nsubj |
| 46 | all | all | ADV | _ | 48 loved | advmod |
| 47 | equally | equally | ADV | _ | 48 loved | advmod |
| 48 | loved | love | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 Brothers | acl:relcl |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 taken | punct |
| 50 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 56 door | cop |
| 51 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 56 door | advmod |
| 52 | just | just | ADV | _ | 56 door | advmod |
| 53 | at | at | ADP | _ | 56 door | case |
| 54 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 door | nmod:poss |
| 55 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 54 death | case |
| 56 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 57 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 59 provided | punct |
| 58 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 59 provided | cc |
| 59 | provided | provide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 door | acl:relcl |
| 60 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 61 make | nsubj |
| 61 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 59 provided | ccomp |
| 62 | haste | haste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 make | obj |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 lose | cc |
| 64 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 61 make | conj |
| 65 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 66 time | det |
| 66 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 64 lose | obj |
| 67 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 preserve | punct |
| 68 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 70 preserve | nsubj |
| 69 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 70 preserve | aux |
| 70 | preserve | preserve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 59 provided | conj |
| 71 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 72 life | nmod:poss |
| 72 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 preserve | obj |
| 73 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 56 door | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past · perfect · passive | Prince Ahmed | Ali's hands | the tube obj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme tube=Destination | |||
| 2 | see | past | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | is | past | the Princess Nouronnihar's end | near property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | address | past | Ahmed | Ahmed | to Ahmed's two companions | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Destination | |||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Brothers and the Princess | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | love in a quote | participle | we | Brothers and the Princess | all, equally property | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whom=Stimulus | |||
| 7 | is in a quote | present | death's door | death nmod:poss; indeed property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | provide in a quote | past | death's door not said here | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition clause=Theme | |||||
| 9 | make in a quote | present | we | haste | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent haste=Product | ||||
| 10 | lose in a quote | present | we not said here | time | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 11 | preserve in a quote | may | we | princess's life | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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