The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 12, sentence 25
Prince Ali shot next, and much beyond him, and Prince Ahmed last of all; but it so happened that nobody saw where his arrow fell; and notwithstanding all the search made by himself and the spectators, it was not to be found.
Who acts: Ali, it, nobody, arrow · What happens: shoot, happen, see, fall, notwithstand, make · To what, where: much, search · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ali, it, nobody, arrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Ali | nmod:desc |
| 2 | Ali | Ali | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 shot | nsubj |
| 3 | shot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | next | next | ADV | _ | 3 shot | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 much | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 much | cc |
| 7 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 shot | obj |
| 8 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 9 him | case |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 much | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Ahmed | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 Ahmed | cc |
| 12 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Ahmed | compound |
| 13 | Ahmed | Ahmed | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 shot | obl |
| 14 | last | last | ADV | _ | 13 Ahmed | advmod |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 all | case |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 last | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 happened | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 happened | cc |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 happened | nsubj |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 happened | advmod |
| 21 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 shot | parataxis |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 saw | mark |
| 23 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 24 saw | nsubj |
| 24 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 happened | conj |
| 25 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 28 fell | advmod |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 arrow | nmod:poss |
| 27 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 fell | nsubj |
| 28 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 saw | ccomp |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 notwithstanding | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 notwithstanding | cc |
| 31 | notwithstanding | notwithstand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 shot | advcl |
| 32 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 34 search | det:predet |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 search | det |
| 34 | search | search | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 notwithstanding | obj |
| 35 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 search | acl |
| 36 | by | by | ADP | _ | 37 himself | case |
| 37 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 35 made | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 spectators | cc |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 spectators | det |
| 40 | spectators | spectator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 himself | conj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 found | punct |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 found | nsubj:pass |
| 43 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 47 found | aux:pass |
| 44 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 47 found | advmod |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 47 found | mark |
| 46 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 47 found | aux:pass |
| 47 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 shot | parataxis |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shot | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shoot | past | Ali Prince | much | beyond Prince; Prince Ahmed obl; next property | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent much=Theme beyond he=Destination | |||
| 2 | happen | past | it | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | see | past | nobody | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | fall | past | Prince's arrow | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | notwithstand | gerund | Ali Prince not said here | all search | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | make | participle | all search not said here | by arrow | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 7 | not find | past · passive | search | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/12/25/