The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 12, sentence 4
The presence of the three princes, who were so little expected, alarmed the princess’s women and guards, who could not comprehend by what enchantment three men should be among them; for they did not know them at first; and the guards were ready to fall on them, as people who had got into a part of the palace where they were not allowed to come; but they quickly found out their mistake.
Who acts: women, enchantment three men, men, presence, people, guards · What happens: expect, alarm, not comprehend, be, not know, fall · To what, where: three princes, presence, guards, part, men, mistake
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (women, enchantment three men, men, presence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 presence | det |
| 2 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 ready | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 princes | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 princes | det |
| 5 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 princes | nummod |
| 6 | princes | prince | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 presence | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 expected | punct |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 expected | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 expected | aux:pass |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 11 little | advmod |
| 11 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 expected | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | expected | expect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 princes | acl:relcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 alarmed | punct |
| 14 | alarmed | alarm | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 presence | acl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 princess | det |
| 16 | princess | princess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 women | nmod:poss |
| 17 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 16 princess | case |
| 18 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 alarmed | obl:agent |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 guards | cc |
| 20 | guards | guard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 women | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 comprehend | punct |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 comprehend | nsubj |
| 23 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 comprehend | aux |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 comprehend | advmod |
| 25 | comprehend | comprehend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 women | parataxis |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 27 what | case |
| 27 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 comprehend | obl |
| 28 | enchantment | enchantment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 men | compound |
| 29 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 men | nummod |
| 30 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 them | nsubj |
| 31 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 them | aux |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 them | cop |
| 33 | among | among | ADP | _ | 34 them | case |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 what | acl:relcl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 know | punct |
| 36 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 40 know | mark |
| 37 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 know | nsubj |
| 38 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 know | aux |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 40 know | advmod |
| 40 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 comprehend | conj |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 know | obj |
| 42 | at | at | ADP | _ | 43 first | case |
| 43 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 40 know | obl |
| 44 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 49 ready | punct |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 ready | cc |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 guards | det |
| 47 | guards | guard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 ready | nsubj |
| 48 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 ready | cop |
| 49 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 50 | to | to | PART | _ | 51 fall | mark |
| 51 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 49 ready | xcomp |
| 52 | on | on | ADP | _ | 53 them | case |
| 53 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 51 fall | obl |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 56 people | punct |
| 55 | as | as | ADP | _ | 56 people | case |
| 56 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 fall | obl |
| 57 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 59 got | nsubj |
| 58 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 got | aux |
| 59 | got | get | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 56 people | acl:relcl |
| 60 | into | into | ADP | _ | 62 part | case |
| 61 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 62 part | det |
| 62 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 got | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 palace | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 palace | det |
| 65 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 part | nmod |
| 66 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 70 allowed | advmod |
| 67 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 70 allowed | nsubj:pass |
| 68 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 70 allowed | aux:pass |
| 69 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 70 allowed | advmod |
| 70 | allowed | allow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 65 palace | acl:relcl |
| 71 | to | to | PART | _ | 72 come | mark |
| 72 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 70 allowed | xcomp |
| 73 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 77 found | punct |
| 74 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 77 found | cc |
| 75 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 77 found | nsubj |
| 76 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 77 found | advmod |
| 77 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 ready | parataxis |
| 78 | out | out | ADP | _ | 77 found | compound:prt |
| 79 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 80 mistake | nmod:poss |
| 80 | mistake | mistake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 77 found | obj |
| 81 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 49 ready | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expect | past · passive | the three princes | little obl:unmarked | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | alarm | participle | the presence of the three princes not said here | the princess's women and guards obl:agent | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | not comprehend | could | the princess's women and guards | by the princess's women and guards | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | is | should | enchantment three men | among men = man | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not know | past · do-support | men = man | guards = guard | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | is | past | the presence of the three princes | the guards nsubj; ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | fall | to-infinitive | the presence of the three princes not said here | on guards = guard; as people | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on they=Location | ||||
| 8 | get | past · perfect | people | a part of the palace | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into part=Destination | ||||
| 9 | not allow | past · passive | men = man | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 10 | come not said to happen | to-infinitive | men = man not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 11 | find out | past | men = man | guards's mistake | quickly property | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Topic | |||
| 12 | mistake | guards = guard | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/12/4/