The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 14, sentence 77
Guarded in this manner he arrived at the capital of the Indies; but the lions never left him till they had conducted him to the gates of the sultan’s palace; after which they returned the way they had come, though not without alarming the populace, who fled or hid themselves to avoid them, notwithstanding they walked gently and showed no signs of fierceness.
Who acts: prince, lions, populace · What happens: guard, arrive, not leave, conduct, return, come · To what, where: manner, capital, prince, gates, way, populace
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, lions, populace), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Guarded | guard | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 arrived | advcl |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 manner | case |
| 3 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 manner | det |
| 4 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Guarded | obl |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 arrived | nsubj |
| 6 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 capital | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 capital | det |
| 9 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 arrived | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Indies | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Indies | det |
| 12 | Indies | Indy | PROPN | Number=Plur | 9 capital | nmod |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 left | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 left | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 lions | det |
| 16 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 left | nsubj |
| 17 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 18 left | advmod |
| 18 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 arrived | conj |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 left | obj |
| 20 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 23 conducted | mark |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 conducted | nsubj |
| 22 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 conducted | aux |
| 23 | conducted | conduct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 left | advcl |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 conducted | obj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 gates | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 gates | det |
| 27 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 conducted | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 palace | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 sultan | det |
| 30 | sultan | sultan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 palace | nmod:poss |
| 31 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 30 sultan | case |
| 32 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 gates | nmod |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 returned | punct |
| 34 | after | after | ADP | _ | 35 which | case |
| 35 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 returned | obl |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 returned | nsubj |
| 37 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 left | conj |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 way | det |
| 39 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 returned | obj |
| 40 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 come | nsubj |
| 41 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 come | aux |
| 42 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 39 way | acl:relcl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 alarming | punct |
| 44 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 47 alarming | mark |
| 45 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 47 alarming | advmod |
| 46 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 47 alarming | mark |
| 47 | alarming | alarm | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 37 returned | advcl |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 populace | det |
| 49 | populace | populace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 alarming | obj |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 fled | punct |
| 51 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 52 fled | nsubj |
| 52 | fled | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 populace | acl:relcl |
| 53 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 54 hid | cc |
| 54 | hid | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 fled | conj |
| 55 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 54 hid | obj |
| 56 | to | to | PART | _ | 57 avoid | mark |
| 57 | avoid | avoid | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 54 hid | advcl |
| 58 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 57 avoid | obj |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 notwithstanding | punct |
| 60 | notwithstanding | notwithstand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 57 avoid | advcl |
| 61 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 62 walked | nsubj |
| 62 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 60 notwithstanding | ccomp |
| 63 | gently | gently | ADV | _ | 62 walked | advmod |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 65 showed | cc |
| 65 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 62 walked | conj |
| 66 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 67 signs | det |
| 67 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 showed | obj |
| 68 | of | of | ADP | _ | 69 fierceness | case |
| 69 | fierceness | fierceness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 signs | nmod |
| 70 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 arrived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | guard | participle | prince not said here | this manner | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | arrive | past | prince | the capital of the Indies | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not leave | past | the lions | prince | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 4 | conduct | past · perfect | lions = lion | prince | the gates of the sultan's palace | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to gate=Destination | |||
| 5 | return | past | lions = lion | the way | which obl | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | |||
| 6 | come | past · perfect | lions = lion | the way not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme | ||||
| 7 | not alarm | gerund | lions = lion not said here | the populace | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus populace=Experiencer | ||||
| 8 | flee | past | the populace | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | hide | past | the populace not said here | lions = lion | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient | ||||
| 10 | avoid | to-infinitive | the populace not said here | lions = lion | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent they=Location | ||||
| 11 | notwithstand | gerund | the populace not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 12 | walk | past | lions = lion | gently property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 13 | show | past | lions = lion not said here | no signs of fierceness | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sign=Recipient | ||||
| 14 | sign | fierceness | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/14/77/