The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 15, sentence 37
He lifted his spear and took aim, but before he could throw the pig started to run, and instead of going toward a water course it ran straight up the mountain.
Who acts: distance, pig · What happens: lift, take, throw, start, run, go · To what, where: spear, aim, water course, mountain
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (distance, pig), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 lifted | nsubj |
| 2 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 spear | nmod:poss |
| 4 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lifted | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 took | cc |
| 6 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 lifted | conj |
| 7 | aim | aim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 took | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 throw | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 throw | cc |
| 10 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 13 throw | mark |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 throw | nsubj |
| 12 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 throw | aux |
| 13 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 lifted | parataxis |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 pig | det |
| 15 | pig | pig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 started | nsubj |
| 16 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 throw | ccomp |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 run | mark |
| 18 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 started | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 going | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 going | cc |
| 21 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=SCONJ | 23 going | mark |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 instead | fixed |
| 23 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 lifted | conj |
| 24 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 27 course | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 course | det |
| 26 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 course | compound |
| 27 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 going | obl |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 ran | nsubj |
| 29 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 going | parataxis |
| 30 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 33 mountain | advmod |
| 31 | up | up | ADP | _ | 33 mountain | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 mountain | det |
| 33 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 ran | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lifted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift | past | distance | distance's spear | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spear=Theme | ||||
| 2 | take | past | distance not said here | aim | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aim=Theme | ||||
| 3 | throw | could | distance | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | start | past | the pig | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | run | to-infinitive | the pig not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | go | gerund | distance not said here | a water course | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme toward course=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | run | past | pig | the mountain | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme up mountain=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/15/37/