The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 15, sentence 63

The boy, startled by this strange speech, was about to answer when he heard a voice near him say: “Fight, for they will try to kill you,” and upon looking up he saw his spear, shield, and sword which he had left at home.

Who acts: boy, warriors · What happens: startle, be, answer, hear, say, try · To what, where: boy, voice, Fight, you, spear, sword · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, warriors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 about	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 startled	punct
4	startled	startle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 boy	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 speech	case
6	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 speech	det
7	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 speech	amod
8	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 startled	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 boy	punct
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 about	cop
11	about	about	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 say	advcl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 answer	mark
13	answer	answer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 about	xcomp
14	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	16 heard	advmod
15	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 heard	nsubj
16	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 answer	advcl
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 voice	det
18	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 heard	obj
19	near	near	ADP	_	20 him	case
20	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 heard	obl
21	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
22	:	:	PUNCT	_	24 Fight	punct
23	“	"	PUNCT	_	24 Fight	punct
24	Fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 say	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 try	punct
26	for	for	SCONJ	_	29 try	mark
27	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 try	nsubj
28	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	29 try	aux
29	try	try	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 say	parataxis
30	to	to	PART	_	31 kill	mark
31	kill	kill	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 try	xcomp
32	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	31 kill	obj
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 kill	punct
34	”	"	PUNCT	_	31 kill	punct
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 saw	cc
36	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	37 looking	mark
37	looking	look	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	40 saw	advcl
38	up	up	ADP	_	37 looking	compound:prt
39	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 saw	nsubj
40	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 try	conj
41	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	42 spear	nmod:poss
42	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 saw	obj
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 shield	punct
44	shield	shield	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 spear	conj
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 sword	punct
46	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 sword	cc
47	sword	sword	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 saw	conj
48	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	51 left	nsubj:pass
49	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	51 left	nsubj
50	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	51 left	aux
51	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	47 sword	acl:relcl
52	at	at	ADP	_	53 home	case
53	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 left	obl
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	21 say	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	startle	participle		the boy not said here		by this strange speech	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	is	past	the boy			about property	tree rules
3	answer speech: assert	to-infinitive	the boy not said here				vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	hear	past	boy	a voice		near man	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus
5	say speech: assert	present		Fight			tree rules
6	try in a quote	future	warriors = warrior				vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
7	kill not said to happen, in a quote	to-infinitive	warriors = warrior not said here	you			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
8	look up	gerund	boy not said here				vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
9	see	past	boy	boy's spear and shield		sword conj	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spear=Stimulus
10	leave	past · perfect · passive		sword	home	boy nsubj	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme at home=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/15/63/

🌲 The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 15, sentence 63

The tree

Pragmatics

The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 15, sentence 63