The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 15, sentence 71
This threw the giant into a rage, and seizing his shield and his spear, the shaft of which was the trunk of a tree, he sprang to the door and leaped to the ground, not waiting to go down the notched pole that served for steps.
Who acts: This, giant, notched pole · What happens: throw, seize, be, spring, leap, not wait · To what, where: giant, rage, shield, trunk, door, ground
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, giant, notched pole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 threw | nsubj |
| 2 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 giant | det |
| 4 | giant | giant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 threw | obj |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 rage | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 rage | det |
| 7 | rage | rage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 threw | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 seizing | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 seizing | cc |
| 10 | seizing | seize | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 threw | advcl |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 shield | nmod:poss |
| 12 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 seizing | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 spear | cc |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 spear | nmod:poss |
| 15 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shield | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 shaft | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 shaft | det |
| 18 | shaft | shaft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shield | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 which | case |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 trunk | obl |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 trunk | cop |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 trunk | det |
| 23 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 shaft | appos |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 tree | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 tree | det |
| 26 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 trunk | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 sprang | punct |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 sprang | nsubj |
| 29 | sprang | spring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 threw | parataxis |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 door | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 door | det |
| 32 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 sprang | obl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 leaped | cc |
| 34 | leaped | leap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 sprang | conj |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 ground | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 ground | det |
| 37 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 leaped | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 waiting | punct |
| 39 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 40 waiting | advmod |
| 40 | waiting | wait | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 leaped | advcl |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 go | mark |
| 42 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 waiting | xcomp |
| 43 | down | down | ADV | _ | 42 go | advmod |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 pole | det |
| 45 | notched | notch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 pole | amod |
| 46 | pole | pole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 go | obj |
| 47 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 48 served | nsubj |
| 48 | served | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 pole | acl:relcl |
| 49 | for | for | ADP | _ | 50 steps | case |
| 50 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 served | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 threw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throw | past | This | the giant | into a rage result | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer giant=Theme into rage=Result | |||
| 2 | seize | gerund | This not said here | giant's shield and giant's spear and the shaft | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shield=Theme | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | the trunk | of the shaft; of a tree | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | spring | past | giant | the door | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to door=Destination | ||||
| 5 | leap | participle | giant not said here | the ground | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to ground=Destination | ||||
| 6 | not wait | gerund | giant not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | go down | to-infinitive | giant not said here | the notched pole | down property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient pole=Extent | |||
| 8 | notch | participle | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 9 | serve | past | the notched pole | for steps | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent for step=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/15/71/