The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 16, sentence 102
One night he saw in a dream a venerable old man coming towards him, who with a smiling countenance said: “Know, Zeyn, that there is no sorrow but what is followed by mirth; no misfortune but what in the end brings some happiness.
Who acts: SULTAN, venerable old man, sorrow, mirth · What happens: see, come, smile, say, know, be · To what, where: venerable old man, dream, Zeyn, sorrow, happiness, end · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (SULTAN, venerable old man, sorrow, mirth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 night | nummod |
| 2 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 dream | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 dream | det |
| 7 | dream | dream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 man | det |
| 9 | venerable | venerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 man | amod |
| 10 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 man | amod |
| 11 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | obj |
| 12 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 man | acl |
| 13 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 14 him | case |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 coming | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 said | punct |
| 16 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 said | nsubj |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 countenance | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 countenance | det |
| 19 | smiling | smile | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 countenance | amod |
| 20 | countenance | countenance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 said | obl |
| 21 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 man | acl:relcl |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 Know | punct |
| 23 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 Know | punct |
| 24 | Know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 said | ccomp |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 Zeyn | punct |
| 26 | Zeyn | Zeyn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Know | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 is | punct |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 is | mark |
| 29 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 30 is | expl |
| 30 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 Know | conj |
| 31 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 32 sorrow | det |
| 32 | sorrow | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 is | nsubj |
| 33 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 followed | cc |
| 34 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 36 followed | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 followed | aux:pass |
| 36 | followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 sorrow | acl:relcl |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 mirth | case |
| 38 | mirth | mirth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 followed | obl |
| 39 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 what | punct |
| 40 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 41 misfortune | det |
| 41 | misfortune | misfortune | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 what | nsubj |
| 42 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 43 what | cc |
| 43 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 saw | parataxis |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 end | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 end | det |
| 46 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 brings | obl |
| 47 | brings | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 what | acl:relcl |
| 48 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 49 happiness | det |
| 49 | happiness | happiness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 brings | obj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | SULTAN | a venerable old man | a dream | night | what no misfortune parataxis | tree rules | |
| 2 | come | gerund | a venerable old man not said here | towards SULTAN | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme towards he=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | smile | gerund | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | a venerable old man | with a smiling countenance | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | know in a quote | infinitive | Zeyn | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer zeyn=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | be in a quote | present | no sorrow | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | follow in a quote | present · passive | mirth | no sorrow | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 8 | bring in a quote | present | some happiness | in the end | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent happiness=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/102/