The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 16, sentence 45
Chang was puzzled, because he had never heard a fish make a noise like this before, but he seized the fish, remarking to himself what a wonderfully fine one it was, and tearing the hook out of its jaws, threw it down in the boat.
Who acts: Chang · What happens: puzzle, not hear, make, seize, remark, tear · To what, where: Chang, fish, noise, hook, jaws, boat
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chang), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chang | chang | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 puzzled | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 puzzled | aux:pass |
| 3 | puzzled | puzzle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 puzzled | punct |
| 5 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 heard | mark |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 heard | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 heard | aux |
| 8 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 9 heard | advmod |
| 9 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 make | advcl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 fish | det |
| 11 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heard | obj |
| 12 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 puzzled | parataxis |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 noise | det |
| 14 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 make | obj |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 16 this | case |
| 16 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 make | obl |
| 17 | before | before | ADV | _ | 12 make | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 seized | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 seized | cc |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 seized | nsubj |
| 21 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 puzzled | parataxis |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 fish | det |
| 23 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 seized | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 remarking | punct |
| 25 | remarking | remark | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 seized | advcl |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 himself | case |
| 27 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 25 remarking | obl |
| 28 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 25 remarking | obl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 one | det |
| 30 | wonderfully | wonderfully | ADV | _ | 31 fine | advmod |
| 31 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 one | amod |
| 32 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 what | nsubj |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 was | nsubj |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 one | acl:relcl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 tearing | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 tearing | cc |
| 37 | tearing | tear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 remarking | conj |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 hook | det |
| 39 | hook | hook | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 tearing | obj |
| 40 | out | out | ADP | _ | 43 jaws | case |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 jaws | case |
| 42 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 jaws | nmod:poss |
| 43 | jaws | jaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 tearing | obl |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 threw | punct |
| 45 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 seized | conj |
| 46 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 threw | obj |
| 47 | down | down | ADP | _ | 45 threw | compound:prt |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 50 boat | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 boat | det |
| 50 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 threw | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 puzzled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | puzzle | past · passive | Chang | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | not hear | past · perfect | Chang | a fish | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer fish=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | make | present | a noise | like this; before property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product | ||||
| 4 | seize | past | Chang | the fish | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme | ||||
| 5 | remark speech: assert | gerund | Chang not said here | Chang | what a fine one obl | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient | |||
| 6 | tear | gerund | Chang not said here | the hook | noise's jaws | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location hook=Theme | |||
| 7 | throw down | past | Chang not said here | noise | the boat | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme in boat=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/16/45/