The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 17, sentence 91
Do not speak to the boatman, and whatever extraordinary circumstance you observe, say nothing; for I tell you beforehand that if you utter one word when we are embarked, the boat will sink.”
Who acts: you, I, boat · What happens: not speak, observe, say, tell, utter, embark · To what, where: extraordinary circumstance, nothing, you, one word, we · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, I, boat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 speak | aux |
| 2 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 speak | advmod |
| 3 | speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 boatman | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 boatman | det |
| 6 | boatman | boatman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 speak | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 circumstance | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 circumstance | cc |
| 9 | whatever | whatever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 circumstance | advmod |
| 10 | extraordinary | extraordinary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 circumstance | amod |
| 11 | circumstance | circumstance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 boatman | appos |
| 12 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 13 observe | nsubj |
| 13 | observe | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 circumstance | acl:relcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 say | punct |
| 15 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 observe | conj |
| 16 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 15 say | obj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 tell | punct |
| 18 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 20 tell | mark |
| 19 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 tell | nsubj |
| 20 | tell | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 speak | conj |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 tell | iobj |
| 22 | beforehand | beforehand | SCONJ | _ | 32 embarked | mark |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 32 embarked | mark |
| 24 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 26 utter | mark |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 utter | nsubj |
| 26 | utter | utter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 embarked | advcl |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 word | nummod |
| 28 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 utter | obj |
| 29 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 embarked | advmod |
| 30 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 embarked | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 embarked | aux:pass |
| 32 | embarked | embark | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 sink | advcl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 embarked | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 boat | det |
| 35 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 sink | nsubj |
| 36 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 sink | aux |
| 37 | sink | sink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 tell | ccomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 speak | punct |
| 39 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 speak | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not speak speech: other | imperative · do-support | you not said here | to the boatman | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to boatman=Co-Agent | ||||
| 2 | observe | present | you | extraordinary circumstance not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent circumstance=Topic | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | you not said here | nothing | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent nothing=Topic | ||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | present | I | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | utter speech: other a condition, not said to happen | present | you | one word | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic | ||||
| 6 | embark | present · passive | we | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | sink | future | the boat | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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