The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 18, sentence 100
As there was neither bridge nor boat, there was no way to cross but to swim.
Who acts: bridge, way · What happens: be, cross, swim
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bridge, way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 was | mark |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 was | expl |
| 3 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 was | advcl |
| 4 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 bridge | cc:preconj |
| 5 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 was | nsubj |
| 6 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 7 boat | cc |
| 7 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bridge | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 was | punct |
| 9 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 10 was | expl |
| 10 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 12 way | det |
| 12 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 was | nsubj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 cross | mark |
| 14 | cross | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 way | acl |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 swim | cc |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 swim | mark |
| 17 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 cross | conj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | bridge nor boat | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | be | past | no way | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | cross | to-infinitive | no way not said here | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | swim | to-infinitive | no way not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/18/100/