The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 18, sentence 92
The dog had served his master for many years and had become so old that he had lost his teeth and was unable to fight any more, but he was a good guide and companion to the cat, who was strong and cunning.
Who acts: dog, cat · What happens: serve, become, lose, be, fight · To what, where: dog, teeth, good guide
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dog | det |
| 2 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 served | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 served | aux |
| 4 | served | serve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 master | nmod:poss |
| 6 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 served | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 years | case |
| 8 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 years | amod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 served | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 become | cc |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 become | aux |
| 12 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 served | conj |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 old | advmod |
| 14 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 become | xcomp |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 lost | mark |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 lost | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 lost | aux |
| 18 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 old | advcl |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 20 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 lost | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 unable | cc |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 unable | cop |
| 23 | unable | unable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 lost | conj |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 fight | mark |
| 25 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 unable | xcomp |
| 26 | any | any | ADV | _ | 27 more | advmod |
| 27 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 25 fight | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 guide | punct |
| 29 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 guide | cc |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 guide | nsubj |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 guide | cop |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 guide | det |
| 33 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 guide | amod |
| 34 | guide | guide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 served | parataxis |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 companion | cc |
| 36 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 guide | conj |
| 37 | to | to | ADP | _ | 39 cat | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 cat | det |
| 39 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 guide | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 strong | punct |
| 41 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 strong | nsubj |
| 42 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 strong | cop |
| 43 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 cat | acl:relcl |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 cunning | cc |
| 45 | cunning | cunning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 strong | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 served | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | serve | past · perfect · passive | the dog | year | dog's master obj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | become | past · perfect | old property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | lose | past · perfect | dog | dog's teeth | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | is | past | dog not said here | unable property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | fight | to-infinitive | dog not said here | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is a | past | dog | a good guide and companion | to the cat; companion conj | tree rules | |||
| 7 | is | past | the cat | cunning conj; strong property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/18/92/