The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 2, sentence 52
By the dim light of a torch, which he had hurriedly picked up after leaving the King’s presence, he could see that she was a very beautiful and splendidly dressed lady.
Who acts: King, hole · What happens: pick up, leave, see, be, dress, light · To what, where: torch, presence · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (King, hole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 4 light | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 light | det |
| 3 | dim | dim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 light | amod |
| 4 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 see | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 torch | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 torch | det |
| 7 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 light | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 picked | punct |
| 9 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 picked | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 picked | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 picked | aux |
| 12 | hurriedly | hurriedly | ADV | _ | 13 picked | advmod |
| 13 | picked | pick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 torch | acl:relcl |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 picked | compound:prt |
| 15 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 16 leaving | mark |
| 16 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 picked | advcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 King | det |
| 18 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 presence | nmod:poss |
| 19 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 18 King | case |
| 20 | presence | presence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 leaving | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 light | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 see | nsubj |
| 23 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 see | aux |
| 24 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 beautiful | mark |
| 26 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 beautiful | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 beautiful | cop |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 beautiful | det |
| 29 | very | very | ADV | _ | 30 beautiful | advmod |
| 30 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 see | ccomp |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 lady | cc |
| 32 | splendidly | splendidly | ADV | _ | 34 lady | advmod |
| 33 | dressed | dress | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 lady | amod |
| 34 | lady | lady | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 beautiful | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pick up | past · perfect · passive | a torch | King nsubj:pass; hurriedly property | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 2 | leave | gerund | the King's presence | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent presence=Theme | |||||
| 3 | see | could | King | by the dim light of a torch | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | is | past | hole | dressed lady conj; beautiful property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | dress | participle | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | light | a torch | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/2/52/