The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 2, sentence 95
One night, as the merchant of Bagdad lay upon his bed, he said to himself: “My correspondent in Egypt has shown much friendship toward me, and as I have never seen him I will pay him a visit.”
Who acts: merchant, BAGDAD · What happens: lie, say, show, not see, pay · To what, where: bed, BAGDAD, correspondent · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant, BAGDAD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 night | nummod |
| 2 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lay | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 lay | punct |
| 4 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 9 lay | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 merchant | det |
| 6 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lay | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 Bagdad | case |
| 8 | Bagdad | Bagdad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 merchant | nmod |
| 9 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 12 bed | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 bed | nmod:poss |
| 12 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lay | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 said | punct |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 said | nsubj |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 lay | parataxis |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 himself | case |
| 17 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 15 said | obl |
| 18 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 shown | punct |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 shown | punct |
| 20 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 correspondent | nmod:poss |
| 21 | correspondent | correspondent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 shown | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 Egypt | case |
| 23 | Egypt | Egypt | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 correspondent | nmod |
| 24 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 shown | aux |
| 25 | shown | show | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 said | conj |
| 26 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 friendship | amod |
| 27 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 shown | obj |
| 28 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 29 me | case |
| 29 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 shown | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 seen | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 seen | cc |
| 32 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 36 seen | mark |
| 33 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 seen | nsubj |
| 34 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 seen | aux |
| 35 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 36 seen | advmod |
| 36 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 lay | conj |
| 37 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 seen | obj |
| 38 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 40 pay | nsubj |
| 39 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 pay | aux |
| 40 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 seen | ccomp |
| 41 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 pay | obj |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 visit | det |
| 43 | visit | visit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 pay | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 lay | punct |
| 45 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 lay | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie | past | the merchant of Bagdad | BAGDAD's bed | night | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon bed=Location | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | BAGDAD | BAGDAD | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | show in a quote | present · perfect · passive | My correspondent in Egypt | toward BAGDAD; much friendship obj | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient friendship=Topic | ||||
| 4 | not see in a quote | present · perfect | BAGDAD | BAGDAD | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | pay in a quote | future | BAGDAD | BAGDAD | a visit obj | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient visit=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/2/95/