The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 20, sentence 104
Now, as Rajah Rasalu, tender-hearted and strong, journeyed along to play chaupur with the king, he came to a burning forest, and a voice rose from the fire, saying, “Oh, traveler!
Who acts: Rasalu · What happens: journey, play, come, burn, say · To what, where: chaupur, voice rose, burning forest · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rasalu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 hearted | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | as | as | ADP | _ | 5 Rasalu | case |
| 4 | Rajah | Rajah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Rasalu | compound |
| 5 | Rasalu | Rasalu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 hearted | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 Rasalu | punct |
| 7 | tender | tender | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hearted | amod |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 tender | punct |
| 9 | hearted | hearted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 strong | cc |
| 11 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hearted | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 journeyed | punct |
| 13 | journeyed | journey | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 hearted | conj |
| 14 | along | along | ADV | _ | 13 journeyed | advmod |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 play | mark |
| 16 | play | play | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 journeyed | advcl |
| 17 | chaupur | chaupur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 play | obj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 king | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 king | det |
| 20 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 play | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 came | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 came | nsubj |
| 23 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 hearted | parataxis |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 forest | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 forest | det |
| 26 | burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 forest | amod |
| 27 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 came | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 rose | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 rose | cc |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 rose | det |
| 31 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 rose | compound |
| 32 | rose | rose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 came | obl |
| 33 | from | from | ADP | _ | 35 fire | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 fire | det |
| 35 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 rose | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 saying | punct |
| 37 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 came | advcl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 traveler | punct |
| 39 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 42 traveler | punct |
| 40 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 42 traveler | discourse |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 Oh | punct |
| 42 | traveler | traveler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 saying | ccomp |
| 43 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 9 hearted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | journey | participle | along property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | play | to-infinitive | chaupur | with the king | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent chaupur=Theme with king=Co-Agent | ||||
| 3 | come | past | Rasalu | a voice rose from the fire | a burning forest | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to forest=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | burn | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | Rasalu not said here | traveler ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/20/104/