The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 20, sentence 19
It was the custom at that time for opposing armies to watch when a champion from each side should engage in a duel, and so the armies of Shiku and Korkwi had stood awaiting the result.
Who acts: speed, time, champion, armies · What happens: be, oppose, watch, engage, stand, await · To what, where: custom, armies, duel, result
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (speed, time, champion, armies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 custom | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 custom | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 custom | det |
| 4 | custom | custom | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 time | case |
| 6 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 time | det |
| 7 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 custom | nmod |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 9 opposing | mark |
| 9 | opposing | oppose | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 time | acl |
| 10 | armies | army | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 opposing | obj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 watch | mark |
| 12 | watch | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 opposing | xcomp |
| 13 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 engage | advmod |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 champion | det |
| 15 | champion | champion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 engage | nsubj |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 side | case |
| 17 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 side | det |
| 18 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 champion | nmod |
| 19 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 engage | aux |
| 20 | engage | engage | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 watch | advcl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 duel | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 duel | det |
| 23 | duel | duel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 engage | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 stood | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 stood | cc |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 34 stood | advmod |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 armies | det |
| 28 | armies | army | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 stood | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Shiku | case |
| 30 | Shiku | Shiku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 armies | nmod |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 Korkwi | cc |
| 32 | Korkwi | Korkwi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Shiku | conj |
| 33 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 stood | aux |
| 34 | stood | stand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 custom | acl |
| 35 | awaiting | await | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 stood | xcomp |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 result | det |
| 37 | result | result | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 awaiting | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 custom | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | speed | the custom | time | tree rules | |||
| 2 | oppose | gerund | that time not said here | armies | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | watch | to-infinitive | that time not said here | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | engage | should | a champion from each side | in a duel goal | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in duel=Goal | ||||
| 5 | stand | past · perfect | the armies of Shiku and Korkwi | the custom not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | await | gerund | the armies of Shiku and Korkwi not said here | the result | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/20/19/