The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 20, sentence 97
Now when morning broke and Rasalu said he must continue his journey, the headless corpse asked him whither he was going, and when he said, “To play chaupur with King Sarkap,” the corpse begged him to give up the idea, saying: “I am King Sarkap’s brother, and I know his ways.
Who acts: Rasalu, headless corpse, corpse · What happens: break, say, continue, ask, go, play · To what, where: journey, Rasalu, chaupur, idea, ways · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 20. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rasalu, headless corpse, corpse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 broke | advmod |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 broke | advmod |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 broke | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 said | cc |
| 6 | Rasalu | Rasalu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 broke | conj |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 continue | nsubj |
| 9 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 continue | aux |
| 10 | continue | continue | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 said | ccomp |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 journey | nmod:poss |
| 12 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 continue | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 asked | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 corpse | det |
| 15 | headless | headless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 corpse | amod |
| 16 | corpse | corpse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 asked | nsubj |
| 17 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 broke | conj |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 asked | iobj |
| 19 | whither | whither | ADV | PronType=Int | 22 going | advmod |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 going | nsubj |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 going | aux |
| 22 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 asked | advcl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 said | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 said | cc |
| 25 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 said | advmod |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 said | nsubj |
| 27 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 broke | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 play | punct |
| 29 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 play | punct |
| 30 | To | to | PART | _ | 31 play | mark |
| 31 | play | play | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 said | ccomp |
| 32 | chaupur | chaupur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 play | obj |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 Sarkap | case |
| 34 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Sarkap | compound |
| 35 | Sarkap | Sarkap | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 play | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 play | punct |
| 37 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 play | punct |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 corpse | det |
| 39 | corpse | corpse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 begged | nsubj |
| 40 | begged | beg | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 said | ccomp |
| 41 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 begged | obj |
| 42 | to | to | PART | _ | 43 give | mark |
| 43 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 begged | xcomp |
| 44 | up | up | ADP | _ | 43 give | compound:prt |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 idea | det |
| 46 | idea | idea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 give | obj |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 saying | punct |
| 48 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 43 give | advcl |
| 49 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 56 brother | punct |
| 50 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 56 brother | punct |
| 51 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 53 King | nsubj |
| 52 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 53 King | cop |
| 53 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 brother | nmod:poss |
| 54 | Sarkap | Sarkap | PROPN | Number=Sing | 53 King | flat |
| 55 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 53 King | case |
| 56 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 saying | ccomp |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 know | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 know | cc |
| 59 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 60 know | nsubj |
| 60 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 broke | parataxis |
| 61 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 62 ways | nmod:poss |
| 62 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 know | obj |
| 63 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 broke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break | past | now; morning | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Rasalu | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | continue | must | Rasalu | Rasalu's journey | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent journey=Theme | ||||
| 4 | ask speech: ask | past | the headless corpse | Rasalu | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | go | past · progressive | Rasalu | whither property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past | Rasalu | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | play in a quote | to-infinitive | chaupur | with King Sarkap | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent chaupur=Theme with sarkap=Co-Agent | ||||
| 8 | beg speech: request | past | the corpse | Rasalu | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 9 | give up not said to happen | to-infinitive | the corpse not said here | the idea | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Source | ||||
| 10 | say speech: assert | gerund | the corpse not said here | King's brother ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 11 | is in a quote | present | the corpse = corpse | 's King | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | know in a quote | present | the corpse = corpse | Rasalu's ways | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer way=Stimulus | ||||
| 13 | journey | Rasalu | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/20/97/