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The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 22, sentence 1

It was foolish for the tortoise to have come so far from home, especially to a place so dangerous as this, because it surely would not be very long before the hunter returned, and his presence there caused the goat to say: “My dear friend, I am sorry to have been the cause of bringing you here, for if the hunter should come, how could you escape?

Who acts: It, tortoise, hunter, presence, dear friend, cause · What happens: be, come, not be, return, cause, say · To what, where: home, goat, cause, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, tortoise, hunter, presence), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjcopmarkdetnsubjmarkauxadvcladvmodadvmodcaseoblpunctadvmodcasedetparataxisadvmodamodcaseoblpunctmarknsubjadvmodauxadvmodcopadvmodadvmodmarkdetnsubjadvclpunctccnmod:possnsubjadvmodconjdetobjmarkccomppunctpunctnmod:possamodnsubjpunctnsubjcopconjmarkauxcopdetparataxismarkaclobjadvmodpunctmarkmarkdetnsubjauxparataxispunctadvmodauxnsubjconjpunctrootItPRONwasAUXfoolishADJforSCONJtheDETtortoiseNOUNtoPARThaveAUXcomeVERBsoADVfarADVfromADPhomeNOUN,PUNCTespeciallyADVtoADPaDETplaceNOUNsoADVdangerousADJasADPthisPRON,PUNCTbecauseSCONJitPRONsurelyADVwouldAUXnotPARTbeAUXveryADVlongADVbeforeSCONJtheDEThunterNOUNreturnedVERB,PUNCTandCCONJhisPRONpresenceNOUNthereADVcausedVERBtheDETgoatNOUNtoPARTsayVERB:PUNCT“PUNCTMyPRONdearADJfriendNOUN,PUNCTIPRONamAUXsorryADJtoPARThaveAUXbeenAUXtheDETcauseNOUNofSCONJbringingVERByouPRONhereADV,PUNCTforSCONJifSCONJtheDEThunterNOUNshouldAUXcomeVERB,PUNCThowADVcouldAUXyouPRONescapeVERB?PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ItitPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs3 foolishnsubj
2wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 foolishcop
3foolishfoolishADJDegree=Posrootroot
4forforSCONJ_9 comemark
5thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 tortoisedet
6tortoisetortoiseNOUNNumber=Sing9 comensubj
7totoPART_9 comemark
8havehaveAUXVerbForm=Inf9 comeaux
9comecomeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part3 foolishadvcl
10sosoADV_11 faradvmod
11farfarADVDegree=Pos13 homeadvmod
12fromfromADP_13 homecase
13homehomeNOUNNumber=Sing9 comeobl
14,,PUNCT_18 placepunct
15especiallyespeciallyADV_18 placeadvmod
16totoADP_18 placecase
17aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art18 placedet
18placeplaceNOUNNumber=Sing3 foolishparataxis
19sosoADV_20 dangerousadvmod
20dangerousdangerousADJDegree=Pos18 placeamod
21asasADP_22 thiscase
22thisthisPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem20 dangerousobl
23,,PUNCT_27 wouldpunct
24becausebecauseSCONJ_27 wouldmark
25ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs27 wouldnsubj
26surelysurelyADV_27 wouldadvmod
27wouldwouldAUXVerbForm=Fin3 foolishaux
28notnotPARTPolarity=Neg31 longadvmod
29bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf31 longcop
30veryveryADV_31 longadvmod
31longlongADVDegree=Pos27 wouldadvmod
32beforebeforeSCONJ_35 returnedmark
33thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art34 hunterdet
34hunterhunterNOUNNumber=Sing35 returnednsubj
35returnedreturnVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin31 longadvcl
36,,PUNCT_41 causedpunct
37andandCCONJ_41 causedcc
38hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs39 presencenmod:poss
39presencepresenceNOUNNumber=Sing41 causednsubj
40therethereADVPronType=Dem41 causedadvmod
41causedcauseVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 foolishconj
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art43 goatdet
43goatgoatNOUNNumber=Sing41 causedobj
44totoPART_45 saymark
45saysayVERBVerbForm=Inf41 causedccomp
46::PUNCT_54 sorrypunct
47“"PUNCT_54 sorrypunct
48MymyPRONCase=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs50 friendnmod:poss
49deardearADJDegree=Pos50 friendamod
50friendfriendNOUNNumber=Sing54 sorrynsubj
51,,PUNCT_50 friendpunct
52IIPRONCase=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs54 sorrynsubj
53ambeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin54 sorrycop
54sorrysorryADJDegree=Pos3 foolishconj
55totoPART_59 causemark
56havehaveAUXVerbForm=Inf59 causeaux
57beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part59 causecop
58thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art59 causedet
59causecauseNOUNNumber=Sing54 sorryparataxis
60ofofSCONJ_61 bringingmark
61bringingbringVERBVerbForm=Ger59 causeacl
62youyouPRONCase=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs61 bringingobj
63herehereADVPronType=Dem61 bringingadvmod
64,,PUNCT_70 comepunct
65forforSCONJ_70 comemark
66ififSCONJ_70 comemark
67thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art68 hunterdet
68hunterhunterNOUNNumber=Sing70 comensubj
69shouldshouldAUXVerbForm=Fin70 comeaux
70comecomeVERBVerbForm=Inf59 causeparataxis
71,,PUNCT_75 escapepunct
72howhowADVPronType=Int75 escapeadvmod
73couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin75 escapeaux
74youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs75 escapensubj
75escapeescapeVERBVerbForm=Inf70 comeconj
76??PUNCT_3 foolishpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1iswould · pastIta place parataxis; foolish propertytree rules
2cometo-infinitive · perfectthe tortoisehomevn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from home=Initial_Location
3not isinfinitivelong propertytree rules
4returnpastthe huntervn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5causepasthunter's presencethe goattheretree rules
6say speech: askto-infinitivehunter's presence not said herevn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
7is in a quotepresentMy dear friendI nsubj; sorry propertytree rules
8is a in a quoteto-infinitive · perfectthe causetree rules
9bring in a quotegerundthe cause not said hereyouherevn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument you=Destination
10come a condition, not said to happen, in a quoteshouldthe huntervn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
11escape in a quotecouldyouvn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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