The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 22, sentence 12
Then the crow said: “Tears and lamentations will not help our poor friend, so let us devise means of saving him.
Who acts: crow, Tears, us · What happens: say, not help, let, devise, mean, save · To what, where: poor friend, us, friend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 22. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crow, Tears, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 said | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 crow | det |
| 3 | crow | crow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 help | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 help | punct |
| 7 | Tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 help | nsubj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 lamentations | cc |
| 9 | lamentations | lamentation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 Tears | conj |
| 10 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 help | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 help | advmod |
| 12 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 means | nsubj |
| 13 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 friend | nmod:poss |
| 14 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 friend | amod |
| 15 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 help | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 let | punct |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 let | advmod |
| 18 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 help | conj |
| 19 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 let | obj |
| 20 | devise | devise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 let | xcomp |
| 21 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | ccomp |
| 22 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 23 saving | mark |
| 23 | saving | save | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 means | ccomp |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 saving | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the crow | then | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | not help in a quote | future | Tears and lamentations | our poor friend | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | let in a quote | infinitive | Tears and lamentations not said here | us | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | devise in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | mean in a quote | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 6 | save in a quote | gerund | friend | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/22/12/