The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 23, sentence 81
The younger sister laughed at this, and Lumawig said to her:
Who acts: younger sister, Lumawig · What happens: laugh, say · To what, where: this, Fukan · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 23. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (younger sister, Lumawig), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 sister | det |
| 2 | younger | young | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 sister | amod |
| 3 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 laughed | nsubj |
| 4 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 this | case |
| 6 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 laughed | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 said | cc |
| 9 | Lumawig | Lumawig | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 laughed | conj |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 her | case |
| 12 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 said | obl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 4 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | past | the younger sister | this | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Lumawig | Fukan | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to she=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/23/81/