The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 24, sentence 110
So the Spaniards opened fire upon Bantugan, and for three days the earth was so covered with smoke from the battle that neither could see his enemy.
Who acts: Spaniards · What happens: open, cover, see · To what, where: fire, Bantugan, earth, battle
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spaniards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 opened | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Spaniards | det |
| 3 | Spaniards | Spaniard | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 opened | nsubj |
| 4 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 opened | obj |
| 6 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 Bantugan | case |
| 7 | Bantugan | Bantugan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 opened | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 covered | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 covered | cc |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 days | case |
| 11 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 days | nummod |
| 12 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 covered | obl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 earth | det |
| 14 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 covered | aux:pass |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 covered | advmod |
| 17 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 opened | conj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 smoke | case |
| 19 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 covered | obl |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 battle | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 battle | det |
| 22 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 smoke | nmod |
| 23 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 26 see | obj |
| 24 | neither | neither | ADV | _ | 26 see | advmod |
| 25 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 see | aux |
| 26 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 battle | acl:relcl |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 enemy | nmod:poss |
| 28 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 see | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 opened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | open | past | the Spaniards | fire | Bantugan | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme upon bantugan=Location | |||
| 2 | cover | past · passive | the earth | day | with smoke from the battle | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with smoke=Theme | |||
| 3 | see | could | the battle | BANTUGAN's enemy obj; neither property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/24/110/