The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 24, sentence 44
Once he came to a wooden fence which surrounded a stone in the form of a man, and as it was directly in his path he drew his fighting knife to cut down the fence.
Who acts: father, stone · What happens: come, surround, be, draw, cut down, form · To what, where: wooden fence, path, fighting knife, fence, man
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | SCONJ | _ | 3 came | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 fence | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 fence | det |
| 6 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 fence | amod |
| 7 | fence | fence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 8 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 surrounded | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 fence | acl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 stone | det |
| 11 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 surrounded | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 form | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 form | det |
| 14 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stone | nmod |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 man | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 man | det |
| 17 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 form | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 drew | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 drew | cc |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 26 path | mark |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 path | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 path | cop |
| 23 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 26 path | advmod |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 path | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 path | nmod:poss |
| 26 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 drew | advcl |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 drew | nsubj |
| 28 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 knife | nmod:poss |
| 30 | fighting | fighting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 knife | compound |
| 31 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 drew | obj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 cut | mark |
| 33 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 drew | advcl |
| 34 | down | down | ADP | _ | 33 cut | compound:prt |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 fence | det |
| 36 | fence | fence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 cut | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | father | a wooden fence | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to fence=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | surround | participle · passive | a wooden fence | a stone obj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | stone | father's path | father nmod:poss; directly property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | draw | past | father | father's fighting knife | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Theme | ||||
| 5 | cut down | to-infinitive | father not said here | the fence | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fence=Product | ||||
| 6 | form | a man | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/24/44/