The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 24, sentence 46
This made Balatama cry, but he protected himself with his father’s shield and prayed, calling on the winds from the homeland until they came and cleared the air again.
Who acts: This, Balatama, winds · What happens: make, cry, protect, pray, call, come · To what, where: Balatama, winds, air · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 24. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, Balatama, winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 made | nsubj |
| 2 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | Balatama | Balatama | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 cry | nsubj |
| 4 | cry | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 made | xcomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 protected | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 protected | cc |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 protected | nsubj |
| 8 | protected | protect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 made | parataxis |
| 9 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 8 protected | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 shield | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 father | nmod:poss |
| 12 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 shield | nmod:poss |
| 13 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 12 father | case |
| 14 | shield | shield | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 protected | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 prayed | cc |
| 16 | prayed | pray | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 protected | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 calling | punct |
| 18 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 prayed | advcl |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 winds | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 winds | det |
| 21 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 calling | obl |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 homeland | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 homeland | det |
| 24 | homeland | homeland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 calling | obl |
| 25 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 27 came | mark |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 came | nsubj |
| 27 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 prayed | advcl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 cleared | cc |
| 29 | cleared | clear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 came | conj |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 air | det |
| 31 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 cleared | obj |
| 32 | again | again | ADV | _ | 29 cleared | advmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | This | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | cry speech: express | infinitive | Balatama | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | protect | past | Balatama | Balatama | with Balatama's father's shield | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary | |||
| 4 | pray | past | Balatama not said here | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 5 | call | gerund | Balatama not said here | the winds | from the homeland | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from homeland=Source | |||
| 6 | come | past | winds = wind | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | clear | past | winds = wind not said here | the air | again | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent air=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/24/46/