The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 25, sentence 114
The Geni walked with him as far as the Black River, and when our hero saw the great waste of water as black as ink, stretching away in front of him, it must be confessed his heart sank a little.
Who acts: Geni, hero, heart · What happens: walk, see, stretch away, confess, sink · To what, where: great waste, front, hero, little
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Geni, hero, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Geni | det |
| 2 | Geni | Geni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 walked | nsubj |
| 3 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 walked | obl |
| 6 | as | as | ADV | _ | 7 far | advmod |
| 7 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 walked | advmod |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 11 River | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 River | det |
| 10 | Black | Black | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 River | compound |
| 11 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 far | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 saw | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 saw | cc |
| 14 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 saw | advmod |
| 15 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 hero | nmod:poss |
| 16 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 saw | nsubj |
| 17 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 walked | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 waste | det |
| 19 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 waste | amod |
| 20 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 saw | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 water | case |
| 22 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 waste | nmod |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 black | case |
| 24 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 saw | obl |
| 25 | as | as | ADP | _ | 26 ink | case |
| 26 | ink | ink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 black | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 stretching | punct |
| 28 | stretching | stretch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 saw | advcl |
| 29 | away | away | ADV | _ | 28 stretching | advmod |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 front | case |
| 31 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 stretching | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 him | case |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 front | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 confessed | punct |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 confessed | nsubj:pass |
| 36 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 confessed | aux |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 38 confessed | aux:pass |
| 38 | confessed | confess | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 walked | conj |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 heart | nmod:poss |
| 40 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 sank | nsubj |
| 41 | sank | sink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 confessed | ccomp |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 little | det |
| 43 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 sank | obl:unmarked |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 walked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | past | the Geni | with Hang; far property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | past | our hero | the great waste of water | as black as ink | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer waste=Stimulus as black=Attribute | |||
| 3 | stretch away | gerund | our hero not said here | front of Geni | away property | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 4 | confess | must · passive | hero | vn declare-29.4 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | sink | past | Geni's heart | a little | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/25/114/