The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 25, sentence 52
Pei-Hang was greatly surprised, but he need not have been, for everyone in Chang-ngan knew that he was Pin-Too’s wisest, handsomest, and best-loved pupil.
Who acts: Pei, Pin · What happens: be, not need, have, love, pupil · To what, where: Pin · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pei, Pin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pei | Pei | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 surprised | nsubj |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Pei | punct |
| 3 | Hang | Hang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Pei | flat |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 surprised | cop |
| 5 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 6 surprised | advmod |
| 6 | surprised | surprised | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 need | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 need | cc |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 need | nsubj |
| 10 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 surprised | conj |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 need | advmod |
| 12 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 need | xcomp |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 knew | cop |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 knew | punct |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 everyone | case |
| 16 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 21 knew | obl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 ngan | case |
| 18 | Chang | Chang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 ngan | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 Chang | punct |
| 20 | ngan | ngan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 everyone | nmod |
| 21 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 have | parataxis |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 pupil | mark |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 Pin | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 Pin | cop |
| 25 | Pin | Pin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 pupil | nsubj |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 Pin | punct |
| 27 | Too | too | ADV | _ | 28 ’s | advmod |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 25 Pin | acl:relcl |
| 29 | wisest | wise | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 37 pupil | amod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 handsomest | punct |
| 31 | handsomest | handsome | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 29 wisest | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 pupil | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 pupil | cc |
| 34 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 37 pupil | amod |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 best | punct |
| 36 | loved | love | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 pupil | amod |
| 37 | pupil | pupil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 knew | ccomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 surprised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Pei | greatly, surprised property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not need | present | Pei | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | have not said to happen | infinitive | Pei not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | participle | for everyone in Chang ngan; know property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | is a | past | Pei | Pin | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | love | participle | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 7 | pupil | Pin | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/25/52/