The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 25, sentence 70
“He is four times her age, it is true,” said her mother, explaining this to Pei-Hang, “but he is very rich.”
Who acts: Yun, four times, mother · What happens: be, say, explain · To what, where: four times, this, Pei · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 25. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yun, four times, mother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 true | punct |
| 2 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 times | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 times | cop |
| 4 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 times | nummod |
| 5 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 true | nsubj |
| 6 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 age | nmod:poss |
| 7 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 times | nmod:unmarked |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 times | punct |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 true | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 true | cop |
| 11 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 said | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 true | punct |
| 13 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 true | punct |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 mother | nmod:poss |
| 16 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 said | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 explaining | punct |
| 18 | explaining | explain | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 said | advcl |
| 19 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 explaining | obj |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 Pei | case |
| 21 | Pei | Pei | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 explaining | obl |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 Hang | punct |
| 23 | Hang | Hang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Pei | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 rich | punct |
| 25 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 rich | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 rich | cc |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 rich | nsubj |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 rich | cop |
| 29 | very | very | ADV | _ | 30 rich | advmod |
| 30 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 Pei | acl:relcl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 32 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | Yun | four times | Ying's age | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | four times | age | true property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Ying's mother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | explain speech: assert | gerund | Ying's mother not said here | this | Pei and Hang | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Topic to pei=Recipient | |||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | Yun | Pei and Hang not said here | rich property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/25/70/