The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 26, sentence 38
After crossing the first brook, he threw a white seed into it, and turned it into an inky black waste of water a mile wide, full of fishes six yards long, and every fish covered with spikes.
Who acts: Pei · What happens: cross, throw, turn, cover · To what, where: first brook, white seed, journey, inky black waste, fish
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pei), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | SCONJ | _ | 2 crossing | mark |
| 2 | crossing | cross | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 threw | advcl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 brook | det |
| 4 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 5 brook | amod |
| 5 | brook | brook | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 crossing | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 crossing | punct |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 threw | nsubj |
| 8 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 seed | det |
| 10 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 seed | amod |
| 11 | seed | seed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 threw | obj |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 it | case |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 threw | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 turned | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 turned | cc |
| 16 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 threw | conj |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 turned | obj |
| 18 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 waste | case |
| 19 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 waste | det |
| 20 | inky | inky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 waste | amod |
| 21 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 waste | amod |
| 22 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 turned | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 water | case |
| 24 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 waste | nmod |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 mile | det |
| 26 | mile | mile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 water | nmod |
| 27 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 mile | amod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 full | punct |
| 29 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 mile | amod |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 fishes | case |
| 31 | fishes | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 full | obl |
| 32 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 33 yards | nummod |
| 33 | yards | yard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 long | obl:unmarked |
| 34 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 fishes | amod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 covered | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 covered | cc |
| 37 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 fish | det |
| 38 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 39 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 threw | conj |
| 40 | with | with | ADP | _ | 41 spikes | case |
| 41 | spikes | spike | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 covered | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 threw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | gerund | Pei not said here | the first brook | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brook=Patient | ||||
| 2 | throw | past | Pei | a white seed | journey | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer seed=Theme into it=Result | |||
| 3 | turn | past | Pei not said here | journey | a inky black waste of water a mile | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into waste=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | cover | participle · passive | every fish | with spikes | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with spike=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/26/38/