The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 3, sentence 15
When, therefore, I saw my friend being led to his death, I proclaimed myself the murderer, hoping thus to take his place.
Who acts: I, Friend · What happens: see, lead, proclaim, hope, take, die · To what, where: friend, death, myself, place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 3 therefore | mark |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 therefore | punct |
| 3 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 6 saw | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 therefore | punct |
| 5 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 saw | nsubj |
| 6 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 friend | nmod:poss |
| 8 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 led | nsubj |
| 9 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 led | aux:pass |
| 10 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 saw | ccomp |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 death | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 death | nmod:poss |
| 13 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 led | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 proclaimed | punct |
| 15 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 proclaimed | nsubj |
| 16 | proclaimed | proclaim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 saw | conj |
| 17 | myself | myself | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 16 proclaimed | obj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 murderer | det |
| 19 | murderer | murderer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 proclaimed | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 hoping | punct |
| 21 | hoping | hope | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 proclaimed | advcl |
| 22 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 21 hoping | advmod |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 take | mark |
| 24 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 hoping | xcomp |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 place | nmod:poss |
| 26 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 take | obj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | I | therefore property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | lead | gerund · passive | my friend | Friend's death | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to death=Destination | ||||
| 3 | proclaim | past | I | myself | the murderer obj | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent myself=Theme murderer=Attribute | |||
| 4 | hope | gerund | I not said here | thus property | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | take not said to happen | to-infinitive | I not said here | Friend's place | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme | ||||
| 6 | die | Friend | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/3/15/