The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 3, sentence 54
Balna saw the girl watching them, and said to her sisters: “Let us drive that girl away, or else she will tell her mother all about it, and then we shall be worse off than ever.”
Who acts: Balna, girl, us, we · What happens: see, watch, say, let, drive away, tell · To what, where: girl, girls, sisters, us, mother · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Balna, girl, us, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Balna | Balna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 girl | det |
| 4 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 saw | obj |
| 5 | watching | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 girl | acl |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 watching | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 said | cc |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 saw | conj |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 sisters | case |
| 11 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 sisters | nmod:poss |
| 12 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 said | obl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 Let | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Let | punct |
| 15 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 said | ccomp |
| 16 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 Let | obj |
| 17 | drive | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 Let | xcomp |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 girl | mark |
| 19 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 drive | advcl |
| 20 | away | away | ADV | _ | 17 drive | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 tell | punct |
| 22 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 tell | cc |
| 23 | else | else | ADV | _ | 26 tell | advmod |
| 24 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 tell | nsubj |
| 25 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 tell | aux |
| 26 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 Let | conj |
| 27 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 mother | nmod:poss |
| 28 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 tell | obj |
| 29 | all | all | ADV | _ | 26 tell | advmod |
| 30 | about | about | ADP | _ | 31 it | case |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 tell | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 worse | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 worse | cc |
| 34 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 worse | advmod |
| 35 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 worse | nsubj |
| 36 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 worse | aux |
| 37 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 38 worse | cop |
| 38 | worse | bad | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 saw | conj |
| 39 | off | off | ADP | _ | 38 worse | compound:prt |
| 40 | than | than | ADP | _ | 41 ever | case |
| 41 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 38 worse | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 saw | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Balna | the girl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer girl=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | watch | gerund | the girl not said here | girls = girl | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Balna not said here | Balna's sisters | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to sister=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | drive away in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | girl advcl; away property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | tell speech: assert in a quote | future | Balna | Balna's mother | about tree; all, else property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent mother=Recipient about it=Topic | |||
| 7 | is in a quote | shall | we | then | bad property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/3/54/