The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 3, sentence 81
This made the Rajah very sad, but he had promised, and feared to break his word, so with a heavy heart he went to seek his daughters, whom he found crying by the ruins of their mother’s grave.
Who acts: This, Rajah, daughters · What happens: make, promise, fear, break, go, seek · To what, where: Rajah, word, daughters, grave
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, Rajah, daughters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 made | nsubj |
| 2 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Rajah | det |
| 4 | Rajah | Rajah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 made | obj |
| 5 | very | very | ADV | _ | 6 sad | advmod |
| 6 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 made | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 promised | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 promised | cc |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 promised | nsubj |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 promised | aux |
| 11 | promised | promise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 made | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 feared | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 feared | cc |
| 14 | feared | fear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 made | conj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 break | mark |
| 16 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 feared | xcomp |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 word | nmod:poss |
| 18 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 break | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 went | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 went | advmod |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 heart | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 heart | det |
| 23 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 heart | amod |
| 24 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 went | obl |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 went | nsubj |
| 26 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 made | parataxis |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 seek | mark |
| 28 | seek | seek | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 went | xcomp |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 daughters | nmod:poss |
| 30 | daughters | daughter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 seek | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 found | punct |
| 32 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 found | obj |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 found | nsubj |
| 34 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 daughters | acl:relcl |
| 35 | crying | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 found | xcomp |
| 36 | by | by | ADP | _ | 38 ruins | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 ruins | det |
| 38 | ruins | ruin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 crying | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 grave | case |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 mother | nmod:poss |
| 41 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 grave | nmod:poss |
| 42 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 41 mother | case |
| 43 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 ruins | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | This | the Rajah | sad property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset rajah=Product | |||
| 2 | promise speech: promise | past · perfect | Rajah | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | fear | past | This not said here | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | break | to-infinitive | This not said here | Rajah's word | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer word=Patient | ||||
| 5 | go | past | Rajah | with a heavy heart | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | seek | to-infinitive | Rajah not said here | Rajah's daughters | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Theme | ||||
| 7 | find | past | Rajah | Rajah's daughters | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent whom=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 8 | cry speech: express | gerund | Rajah's daughters not said here | by the ruins of daughters's mother's grave | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by ruin=Location | ||||
| 9 | word | Rajah | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 10 | ruin | daughters's mother's grave | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/3/81/