The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 3, sentence 87
It so happened that this very day the seven young sons of a neighboring Rajah chanced to be hunting in the same jungle, and as they were returning home, after the day’s sport was over, the youngest Prince said to his brothers: “Stop, I think I hear someone crying and calling out.
Who acts: It, Rajah, sons, sport, youngest Prince, day · What happens: happen, neighbor, chance, hunt, return, be · To what, where: same jungle, brothers, someone · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, Rajah, sons, sport), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 happened | nsubj |
| 2 | so | so | ADV | _ | 3 happened | advmod |
| 3 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 day | mark |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 day | det |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 day | advmod |
| 7 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 happened | obl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 sons | det |
| 9 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 sons | nummod |
| 10 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 sons | amod |
| 11 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 day | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 a | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 sons | nmod |
| 14 | neighboring | neighbor | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 a | acl |
| 15 | Rajah | Rajah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 chanced | nsubj |
| 16 | chanced | chance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 neighboring | ccomp |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 hunting | mark |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 hunting | aux |
| 19 | hunting | hunt | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 chanced | advcl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 jungle | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 jungle | det |
| 22 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 jungle | amod |
| 23 | jungle | jungle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 hunting | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 returning | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 returning | cc |
| 26 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 29 returning | mark |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 returning | nsubj |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 returning | aux |
| 29 | returning | return | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 hunting | conj |
| 30 | home | home | ADV | _ | 29 returning | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 over | punct |
| 32 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 38 over | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 day | det |
| 34 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 sport | nmod:poss |
| 35 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 34 day | case |
| 36 | sport | sport | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 over | nsubj |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 over | cop |
| 38 | over | over | ADV | _ | 43 said | advmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 over | punct |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 Prince | det |
| 41 | youngest | young | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 42 Prince | amod |
| 42 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 said | nsubj |
| 43 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 returning | advcl |
| 44 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 brothers | case |
| 45 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 brothers | nmod:poss |
| 46 | brothers | brother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 said | obl |
| 47 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 49 Stop | punct |
| 48 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 49 Stop | punct |
| 49 | Stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 said | ccomp |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 think | punct |
| 51 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 52 think | nsubj |
| 52 | think | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 Stop | conj |
| 53 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 54 hear | nsubj |
| 54 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 think | ccomp |
| 55 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 54 hear | obj |
| 56 | crying | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 55 someone | acl |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 calling | cc |
| 58 | calling | call | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 56 crying | conj |
| 59 | out | out | ADP | _ | 58 calling | compound:prt |
| 60 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 day | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | past | It | day | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | neighbor | gerund | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | chance | past | Rajah | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | hunt | to-infinitive · progressive | Rajah not said here | the same jungle | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in jungle=Location | ||||
| 5 | return | past · progressive | sons = son | home property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | is | past | the day's sport | over property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | say speech: assert | past | the youngest Prince | Rajah's brothers | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to brother=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 8 | stop in a quote | infinitive | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 9 | think speech: other in a quote | present | the youngest Prince = prince | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 10 | hear in a quote | present | the youngest Prince = prince | someone | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus | ||||
| 11 | cry speech: express in a quote | gerund | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 12 | call out speech: assert in a quote | gerund | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 13 | sport | the day | nom sport «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/3/87/