The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 4, sentence 32
Balna’s son was a very clever boy, and he said: “Dear mother, have no fear; the first thing to do is to find out how far the Magician’s power extends, in order that we may be able to free my father and uncles.
Who acts: son, first thing, power, we, father · What happens: be, say, have, do, extend · To what, where: clever boy, fear, order · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, first thing, power, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Balna | Balna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 son | nmod:poss |
| 2 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 1 Balna | case |
| 3 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 boy | nsubj |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 boy | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 boy | det |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 clever | advmod |
| 7 | clever | clever | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 boy | amod |
| 8 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 said | cc |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 said | nsubj |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 boy | acl:relcl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 mother | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 mother | punct |
| 15 | Dear | dear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 mother | amod |
| 16 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 said | ccomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 have | punct |
| 18 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 mother | conj |
| 19 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 20 fear | det |
| 20 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 have | obj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 find | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 thing | det |
| 23 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 24 thing | amod |
| 24 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 find | nsubj |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 do | mark |
| 26 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 thing | acl |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 find | cop |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 find | mark |
| 29 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 boy | acl:relcl |
| 30 | out | out | ADP | _ | 29 find | compound:prt |
| 31 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 far | advmod |
| 32 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 37 extends | advmod |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Magician | det |
| 34 | Magician | Magician | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 power | nmod:poss |
| 35 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 34 Magician | case |
| 36 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 extends | nsubj |
| 37 | extends | extend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 find | advcl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 order | punct |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 order | case |
| 40 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 extends | obl |
| 41 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 45 able | mark |
| 42 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 45 able | nsubj |
| 43 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 able | aux |
| 44 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 45 able | cop |
| 45 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 order | acl |
| 46 | to | to | PART | _ | 47 free | mark |
| 47 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 able | conj |
| 48 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 father | nmod:poss |
| 49 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 free | nsubj |
| 50 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 51 uncles | cc |
| 51 | uncles | uncle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 father | conj |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 boy | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Balna's son | a clever boy | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | son | a clever boy not said here | Dear mother ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent boy=Topic | |||
| 3 | have in a quote | present | son not said here | no fear | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fear=Patient | ||||
| 4 | do in a quote | to-infinitive | the first thing not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is in a quote | present | the first thing | find property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | extend in a quote | present | the Magician's power | order | far property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in order=Location | |||
| 7 | is in a quote | may | we | order not said here | able property | tree rules | |||
| 8 | be in a quote | my father and uncles | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/4/32/