The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 4, sentence 38
But she said that before she married him she must learn to know him better, they having been enemies for so long, and a closer acquaintance with him was necessary in order to strengthen their friendship.
Who acts: wedding, father, closer acquaintance · What happens: say, marry, learn, know, have, be · To what, where: Magician, having enemies, friendship · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wedding, father, closer acquaintance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 married | mark |
| 5 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 7 married | mark |
| 6 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 married | nsubj |
| 7 | married | marry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 learn | advcl |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 married | obj |
| 9 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 learn | nsubj |
| 10 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 learn | aux |
| 11 | learn | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | ccomp |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 know | mark |
| 13 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 learn | xcomp |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 know | obj |
| 15 | better | well | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 13 know | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 enemies | punct |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 enemies | nsubj |
| 18 | having | have | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 enemies | amod |
| 19 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 enemies | cop |
| 20 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 learn | obl |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 long | case |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 23 long | advmod |
| 23 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 learn | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 necessary | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 necessary | cc |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 acquaintance | det |
| 27 | closer | close | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 28 acquaintance | amod |
| 28 | acquaintance | acquaintance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 necessary | nsubj |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 him | case |
| 30 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 acquaintance | nmod |
| 31 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 necessary | cop |
| 32 | necessary | necessary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 learn | conj |
| 33 | in | in | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 36 strengthen | mark |
| 34 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 in | fixed |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 strengthen | mark |
| 36 | strengthen | strengthen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 necessary | advcl |
| 37 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 friendship | nmod:poss |
| 38 | friendship | friendship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 strengthen | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | wedding | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | marry | past | wedding | Magician | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 3 | learn | must | wedding | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | know | to-infinitive | wedding not said here | Magician | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | have | gerund | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | is a | participle | father | having enemies | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | is | past | a closer acquaintance with Magician | necessary property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | strengthen | to-infinitive | a closer acquaintance with Magician not said here | father's friendship | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent friendship=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/4/38/