The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 4, sentence 58
They saw the dead serpent and the young Prince standing over it, and the mother eagle said to him: “For many years our young ones have been devoured by that cruel serpent, and you have now saved the lives of our children; whenever you may need our help, send to us, and as for these little eagles, take them, and let them be your servants.”
Who acts: trees, mother eagle, cruel serpent, Prince, servants, our · What happens: see, stand, say, devour, save, need · To what, where: dead serpent, serpent, Prince, lives, help, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trees, mother eagle, cruel serpent, Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 serpent | det |
| 4 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 serpent | amod |
| 5 | serpent | serpent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 saw | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Prince | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Prince | det |
| 8 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Prince | amod |
| 9 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 serpent | conj |
| 10 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 saw | advcl |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 it | case |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 standing | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 said | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 said | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 eagle | det |
| 16 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 eagle | compound |
| 17 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 said | nsubj |
| 18 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 saw | conj |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 said | obl |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 31 devoured | punct |
| 22 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 31 devoured | punct |
| 23 | For | for | ADP | _ | 25 years | case |
| 24 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 years | amod |
| 25 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 devoured | obl |
| 26 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 ones | nmod:poss |
| 27 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 ones | amod |
| 28 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 years | appos |
| 29 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 devoured | aux |
| 30 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 devoured | aux:pass |
| 31 | devoured | devour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 said | conj |
| 32 | by | by | ADP | _ | 35 serpent | case |
| 33 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 35 serpent | det |
| 34 | cruel | cruel | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 serpent | amod |
| 35 | serpent | serpent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 devoured | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 saved | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 saved | cc |
| 38 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 41 saved | nsubj |
| 39 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 saved | aux |
| 40 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 41 saved | advmod |
| 41 | saved | save | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 devoured | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 lives | det |
| 43 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 saved | obj |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 children | case |
| 45 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 children | nmod:poss |
| 46 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 lives | nmod |
| 47 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 51 need | punct |
| 48 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 51 need | advmod |
| 49 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 51 need | nsubj |
| 50 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 51 need | aux |
| 51 | need | need | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 said | ccomp |
| 52 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 53 help | nmod:poss |
| 53 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 need | obj |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 send | punct |
| 55 | send | send | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 51 need | conj |
| 56 | to | to | ADP | _ | 57 us | case |
| 57 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 55 send | obl |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 take | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 take | cc |
| 60 | as | as | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 64 eagles | case |
| 61 | for | for | ADP | _ | 60 as | fixed |
| 62 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 64 eagles | det |
| 63 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 eagles | amod |
| 64 | eagles | eagle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 take | obl |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 eagles | punct |
| 66 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 saw | parataxis |
| 67 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 66 take | obj |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 let | punct |
| 69 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 70 let | cc |
| 70 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 66 take | conj |
| 71 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 70 let | obj |
| 72 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 70 let | xcomp |
| 73 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 74 servants | nmod:poss |
| 74 | servants | servant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 72 be | nsubj |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 66 take | punct |
| 76 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 66 take | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | trees = tree | the dead serpent and the young Prince | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stand | gerund | trees = tree not said here | serpent | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over it=Location | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the mother eagle | Prince | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | devour in a quote | present · perfect · passive | that cruel serpent | year | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | save in a quote | present · perfect | Prince | the lives of our children | now | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme | |||
| 6 | need in a quote | may | Prince | our help | whenever property | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme | |||
| 7 | send in a quote | infinitive | Prince not said here | us | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to we=Destination | ||||
| 8 | take in a quote | infinitive | trees = tree | as this little eagles | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent they=Theme as eagle=Attribute | ||||
| 9 | let in a quote | infinitive | trees = tree | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | be in a quote | infinitive | your servants | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 11 | help in a quote | our | nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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