The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 5, sentence 42
This friend was very willing to accept the knight’s money, but wished to earn it without putting himself to any more trouble than was necessary, so he waited for quite a while, and then sent him the skin of an ordinary rat, also a message which told him of the hardships he had undergone in order to procure it.
Who acts: friend, old, message · What happens: be, accept, wish, earn, put, wait · To what, where: money, friend, old, skin, order · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friend, old, message), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 friend | det |
| 2 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 willing | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 willing | cop |
| 4 | very | very | ADV | _ | 5 willing | advmod |
| 5 | willing | willing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 accept | mark |
| 7 | accept | accept | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 willing | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 knight | det |
| 9 | knight | knight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 money | nmod:poss |
| 10 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 9 knight | case |
| 11 | money | money | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 accept | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 wished | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 wished | cc |
| 14 | wished | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 willing | conj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 earn | mark |
| 16 | earn | earn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 wished | xcomp |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 earn | obj |
| 18 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 19 putting | mark |
| 19 | putting | put | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 earn | advcl |
| 20 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 19 putting | obj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 trouble | case |
| 22 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 24 trouble | det |
| 23 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 24 trouble | advmod |
| 24 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 putting | obl |
| 25 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 27 necessary | mark |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 necessary | cop |
| 27 | necessary | necessary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 trouble | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 waited | punct |
| 29 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 waited | advmod |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 waited | nsubj |
| 31 | waited | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 wished | advcl |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 while | case |
| 33 | quite | quite | DET | PronType=Ind | 35 while | det:predet |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 while | det |
| 35 | while | while | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 waited | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 sent | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 sent | cc |
| 38 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 39 sent | advmod |
| 39 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 willing | conj |
| 40 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 sent | obj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 skin | det |
| 42 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 sent | obj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 rat | case |
| 44 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 rat | det |
| 45 | ordinary | ordinary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 rat | amod |
| 46 | rat | rat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 skin | nmod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 message | punct |
| 48 | also | also | ADV | _ | 50 message | advmod |
| 49 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 message | det |
| 50 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 rat | conj |
| 51 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 52 told | nsubj |
| 52 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 50 message | acl:relcl |
| 53 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 told | iobj |
| 54 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 hardships | case |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 hardships | det |
| 56 | hardships | hardship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 told | obl |
| 57 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 59 undergone | nsubj |
| 58 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 59 undergone | aux |
| 59 | undergone | undergo | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 52 told | ccomp |
| 60 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 order | case |
| 61 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 undergone | obl |
| 62 | to | to | PART | _ | 63 procure | mark |
| 63 | procure | procure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 59 undergone | advcl |
| 64 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 63 procure | obj |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 willing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | this friend | willing property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | accept | to-infinitive | this friend not said here | the knight's money | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme | ||||
| 3 | wish | past | this friend not said here | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | earn not said to happen | to-infinitive | this friend not said here | friend | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | put | gerund | this friend not said here | old | to any trouble | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent himself=Goal | |||
| 6 | is | past | necessary property | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | wait | past | old | while | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | send | past | this friend not said here | the skin of a ordinary rat and a message | old | then | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination skin=Theme | ||
| 9 | tell speech: assert | past | a message | old | of the hardships | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 10 | undergo | past · perfect | old | order | tree rules | ||||
| 11 | procure | to-infinitive | old not said here | friend | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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