The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 6, sentence 7
The Fox laughed at him, saying that he was foolish to think that he could win a race between them under any conditions; but as the Crab repeated the offer, the Fox at last consented.
Who acts: Fox · What happens: laugh, say, be, think, win, repeat · To what, where: race, conditions, offer · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fox), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Fox | det |
| 2 | Fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 laughed | nsubj |
| 3 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 laughed | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 saying | punct |
| 7 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 laughed | advcl |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 foolish | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 foolish | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 foolish | cop |
| 11 | foolish | foolish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 saying | ccomp |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 think | mark |
| 13 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 foolish | csubj |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 win | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 win | nsubj |
| 16 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 win | aux |
| 17 | win | win | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 think | ccomp |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 race | det |
| 19 | race | race | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 win | obj |
| 20 | between | between | ADP | _ | 21 them | case |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 race | nmod |
| 22 | under | under | ADP | _ | 24 conditions | case |
| 23 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 24 conditions | det |
| 24 | conditions | condition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 win | obl |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 repeated | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 repeated | cc |
| 27 | as | as | ADP | _ | 29 Crab | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Crab | det |
| 29 | Crab | Crab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 repeated | obl |
| 30 | repeated | repeat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 laughed | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 offer | det |
| 32 | offer | offer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 repeated | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 Fox | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 Fox | det |
| 35 | Fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 repeated | obl |
| 36 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 38 consented | mark |
| 37 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 consented | amod |
| 38 | consented | consent | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 repeated | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | past | the Fox | at Crab | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | the Fox not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | past | Fox | foolish property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | think speech: other | to-infinitive | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | win | could | Fox | a race | any conditions | between beings = being | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality | ||
| 6 | repeat | past | the Fox not said here | the offer | as the Crab; the Fox obl | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offer=Eventuality | |||
| 7 | consent | participle | the Fox not said here | vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/6/7/