The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 6, sentence 93
The time to cut and harvest the rice approached, when clouds of birds came and devoured it.
Who acts: time, clouds · What happens: cut, harvest, approach, come, devour, cloud · To what, where: rice, jealousy, birds
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time, clouds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 time | det |
| 2 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 approached | nsubj |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 cut | mark |
| 4 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 time | acl |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 harvest | cc |
| 6 | harvest | harvest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 cut | conj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 rice | det |
| 8 | rice | rice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 harvest | obj |
| 9 | approached | approach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 came | punct |
| 11 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 15 came | mark |
| 12 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 came | nsubj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 birds | case |
| 14 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 clouds | nmod |
| 15 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 approached | parataxis |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 devoured | cc |
| 17 | devoured | devour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 came | conj |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 devoured | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 approached | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut | to-infinitive | the time not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | harvest | infinitive | the time not said here | the rice | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | approach | past | the time | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | come | past | clouds of birds | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | devour | past | clouds of birds not said here | jealousy | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 6 | cloud | birds | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/6/93/