The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 7, sentence 107
“A little later the birds found the bones of the nestlings in the dwelling-place of the Vulture, and of course concluded that it was he whom they had helped who had so basely rewarded them.
Who acts: birds, course · What happens: find, conclude, be, help, have, reward · To what, where: bones, birds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, course), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 found | punct |
| 2 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 little | det |
| 3 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 later | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | later | late | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 7 found | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 birds | det |
| 6 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 found | nsubj |
| 7 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bones | det |
| 9 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 found | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 nestlings | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 nestlings | det |
| 12 | nestlings | nestling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 bones | nmod |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 place | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 place | det |
| 15 | dwelling | dwelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 place | compound |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 dwelling | punct |
| 17 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 nestlings | nmod |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Vulture | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Vulture | det |
| 20 | Vulture | Vulture | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 place | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 concluded | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 concluded | cc |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | ExtPos=ADV | 25 concluded | advmod |
| 24 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 of | fixed |
| 25 | concluded | conclude | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 found | conj |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 30 whom | mark |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 whom | nsubj |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 whom | cop |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 whom | nsubj |
| 30 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 concluded | advcl |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 helped | nsubj |
| 32 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 helped | aux |
| 33 | helped | help | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 whom | acl:relcl |
| 34 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 had | nsubj |
| 35 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 helped | ccomp |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 38 rewarded | advmod |
| 37 | basely | basely | ADV | _ | 38 rewarded | advmod |
| 38 | rewarded | reward | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 had | advcl |
| 39 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 rewarded | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find in a quote | past | the birds | the bones of the nestlings in the dwelling place of the Vulture | late property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Topic | |||
| 2 | conclude in a quote | past | the birds not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | past | course | Vulture nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | help in a quote | past · perfect | birds = bird | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | have in a quote | past | who nsubj | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | reward in a quote | past | birds = bird | basely property | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/107/