The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 7, sentence 8
The boy was surprised, and said: “I believe this lazy old farmer has taken our bag,” and then he seized Chô’s nose, and gave it a good pull.
Who acts: boy, I, farmer · What happens: be, say, believe, take, seize, give · To what, where: this, lazy old farmer, nose, bag · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, I, farmer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 boy | det |
| 2 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 surprised | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 surprised | cop |
| 4 | surprised | surprised | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 said | cc |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 surprised | parataxis |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 believe | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 believe | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 believe | nsubj |
| 11 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | ccomp |
| 12 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 11 believe | obj |
| 13 | lazy | lazy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 farmer | amod |
| 14 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 farmer | amod |
| 15 | farmer | farmer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 taken | aux |
| 17 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 believe | ccomp |
| 18 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 bag | nmod:poss |
| 19 | bag | bag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 taken | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 taken | punct |
| 21 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 believe | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 seized | cc |
| 23 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 seized | advmod |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 seized | nsubj |
| 25 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | conj |
| 26 | Chô | Chô | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 nose | nmod:poss |
| 27 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 26 Chô | case |
| 28 | nose | nose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 seized | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 gave | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 gave | cc |
| 31 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 seized | conj |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 gave | obj |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 pull | det |
| 34 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 pull | amod |
| 35 | pull | pull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 gave | obj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 surprised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the boy | surprised property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | believe in a quote | present | I | this | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | take in a quote | present · perfect · passive | lazy old farmer | our bag obj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme bag=Destination | ||||
| 5 | seize | past | farmer | Chô's nose | then | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Theme | |||
| 6 | give | past | farmer not said here | bag | a good pull obj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient pull=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/7/8/