The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 8, sentence 122
He assumed a most dejected look, and appeared to be so miserable that a Crab, who had been watching him, asked him why he was so down-hearted.
Who acts: water, Crab · What happens: assume, deject, appear, be, watch, ask · To what, where: dejected look, water
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, Crab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 assumed | nsubj |
| 2 | assumed | assume | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 look | det |
| 4 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 5 dejected | advmod |
| 5 | dejected | deject | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 look | amod |
| 6 | look | look | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 assumed | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 appeared | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 appeared | cc |
| 9 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 assumed | parataxis |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 miserable | mark |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 miserable | cop |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 miserable | advmod |
| 13 | miserable | miserable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 appeared | xcomp |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 21 watching | mark |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 Crab | det |
| 16 | Crab | Crab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 watching | nsubj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 watching | punct |
| 18 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 watching | nsubj |
| 19 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 watching | aux |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 watching | aux |
| 21 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 miserable | advcl |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 watching | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 asked | punct |
| 24 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 appeared | conj |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 asked | iobj |
| 26 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 32 hearted | advmod |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 hearted | nsubj |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 hearted | cop |
| 29 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 hearted | advmod |
| 30 | down | down | ADV | _ | 32 hearted | advmod |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 down | punct |
| 32 | hearted | hearted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 asked | ccomp |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 assumed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | assume | past | water | a dejected look | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Theme | ||||
| 2 | deject | participle | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | appear | past | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | is | to-infinitive | miserable property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | watch | past · perfect · progressive | a Crab | water | who nsubj | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | past | water | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | |||||
| 7 | is | past | water | down, hearted property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/8/122/