The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 8, sentence 45
This great ruler had heard that in a country called Horazai, far away across the seas, there lived certain hermits who possessed the secret of the “Draught of Life,” and that whoever should drink of this wonderful elixir would never die.
Who acts: great ruler, certain hermits, whoever · What happens: hear, call, live, possess, drink, not die · To what, where: country, secret · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great ruler, certain hermits, whoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 ruler | det |
| 2 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 ruler | amod |
| 3 | ruler | ruler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 heard | aux |
| 5 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 lived | mark |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 country | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 country | det |
| 9 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 lived | obl |
| 10 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 country | acl |
| 11 | Horazai | Horazai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 called | xcomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 away | punct |
| 13 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 away | advmod |
| 14 | away | away | ADV | _ | 10 called | advmod |
| 15 | across | across | ADP | _ | 17 seas | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 seas | det |
| 17 | seas | sea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 away | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 country | punct |
| 19 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 20 lived | expl |
| 20 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 heard | advcl |
| 21 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 hermits | amod |
| 22 | hermits | hermit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 die | nsubj:outer |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 possessed | nsubj |
| 24 | possessed | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 hermits | acl:relcl |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 secret | det |
| 26 | secret | secret | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 possessed | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Draught | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Draught | det |
| 29 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 Draught | punct |
| 30 | Draught | draught | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 secret | nmod |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 Life | case |
| 32 | Life | Life | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Draught | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 possessed | punct |
| 34 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 possessed | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 drink | cc |
| 36 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 39 drink | mark |
| 37 | whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 drink | nsubj |
| 38 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 drink | aux |
| 39 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 possessed | conj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 elixir | case |
| 41 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 43 elixir | det |
| 42 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 elixir | amod |
| 43 | elixir | elixir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 drink | obl |
| 44 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 die | aux |
| 45 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 46 die | advmod |
| 46 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 lived | ccomp |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past · perfect | this great ruler | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | call | participle | a country not said here | Horazai xcomp; away property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | live | past | this great ruler not said here | a country; there | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | possess | past | certain hermits | the secret of the Draught of Life | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot secret=Theme | ||||
| 5 | drink | should | whoever | of this wonderful elixir | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of elixir=Source | ||||
| 6 | not die | would | certain hermits | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/8/45/