The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 8, sentence 55
Opulo bowed his head to the ground, and Jofuku said to him, “Your request is selfish and therefore hard to grant.
Who acts: Opulo, Jofuku, request, Your · What happens: bow, say, be, grant, request · To what, where: head, ground, story, selfish · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Opulo, Jofuku, request, Your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Opulo | Opulo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 bowed | nsubj |
| 2 | bowed | bow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 head | nmod:poss |
| 4 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 bowed | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 ground | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ground | det |
| 7 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 bowed | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 said | cc |
| 10 | Jofuku | Jofuku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 said | nsubj |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 bowed | conj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 him | case |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 said | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 selfish | punct |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 selfish | punct |
| 16 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 request | nmod:poss |
| 17 | request | request | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 selfish | nsubj |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 selfish | cop |
| 19 | selfish | selfish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 said | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 hard | cc |
| 21 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 22 hard | advmod |
| 22 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 selfish | conj |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 grant | mark |
| 24 | grant | grant | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 hard | xcomp |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 bowed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bow | past | Opulo | story's head | the ground | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent head=Topic to ground=Recipient | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Jofuku | story | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | Your request | selfish | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | be in a quote | Your request not said here | therefore property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | grant in a quote | to-infinitive | Your request not said here | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | request in a quote | Your | nom request «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/8/55/