The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 9, sentence 1
Now some of the fishes overheard what the Crane said to the Crab, and they at once called a general meeting.
Who acts: some, Crane · What happens: overhear, say, call · To what, where: Crab, fishes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (some, Crane), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 overheard | advmod |
| 2 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 overheard | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 fishes | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 fishes | det |
| 5 | fishes | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 some | nmod |
| 6 | overheard | overhear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 10 said | obj |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Crane | det |
| 9 | Crane | Crane | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 overheard | ccomp |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 Crab | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Crab | det |
| 13 | Crab | Crab | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 called | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 called | cc |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 called | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 once | case |
| 18 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 19 called | obl |
| 19 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 overheard | conj |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 meeting | det |
| 21 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 meeting | amod |
| 22 | meeting | meeting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 called | xcomp |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 overheard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | overhear | past | some of the fishes | now | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the Crane | the Crab | what obj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Topic to crab=Recipient | |||
| 3 | call | participle · passive | fishes = fish | a general meeting xcomp | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme PP.recipient PP.stimulus»: subject=Theme at once=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/9/1/