The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient, Opening, part 9, sentence 105
Their arms to wings; their necks began to sprout from between their shoulders and grew a yard long; their beards disappeared, and their bodies were covered with feathers.
Who acts: arms, beards · What happens: begin, sprout, grow, disappear, cover · To what, where: shoulders, yard, bodies
This is a sentence of «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arms, beards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 arms | nmod:poss |
| 2 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 began | nsubj |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 4 wings | case |
| 4 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 arms | nmod |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 8 began | punct |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 necks | nmod:poss |
| 7 | necks | neck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 began | nsubj |
| 8 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 sprout | mark |
| 10 | sprout | sprout | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 began | xcomp |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 shoulders | case |
| 12 | between | between | ADP | _ | 14 shoulders | case |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 shoulders | nmod:poss |
| 14 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 sprout | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 grew | cc |
| 16 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 began | conj |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 yard | det |
| 18 | yard | yard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 grew | obj |
| 19 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 grew | advmod |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 disappeared | punct |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 beards | nmod:poss |
| 22 | beards | beard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 disappeared | nsubj |
| 23 | disappeared | disappear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 began | parataxis |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 covered | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 covered | cc |
| 26 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 bodies | nmod:poss |
| 27 | bodies | body | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 covered | aux:pass |
| 29 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 disappeared | conj |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 feathers | case |
| 31 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 covered | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | Caliph's arms to wings | Caliph's necks nsubj | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | sprout | to-infinitive | Caliph's arms to wings not said here | Caliph's shoulders | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from shoulder=Source | ||||
| 3 | grow | past | Caliph's arms to wings not said here | a yard | long property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location yard=Theme | |||
| 4 | disappear | past | Caliph's beards | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | cover | past · passive | Caliph's bodies | with feathers | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with feather=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Jade Story Book; Stories from the Orient» by Penrhyn Wingfield Coussens, Project Gutenberg book 65965 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg65965/9/105/